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169912
Patristic Period (c100 to c700)
Description
Bacharel Theology Mind Map on Patristic Period (c100 to c700), created by radnorgardens on 18/08/2013.
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theology
bacharel
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Resource summary
Patristic Period (c100 to c700)
Three regions of theological development
1. City of Alexandria (modern day Egypt)
Associated with Platonic tradition
Influenced Christology & Biblical Interpretation
Greek speaking
2. City of Antioch and Cappadocian region (modern day Turkey)
Influenced doctrine of trinity
Paul's missionary journey (detailed in Acts)
'Cappadocian' fathers
Basil the Great (c.330-379)
Bishop of Caesarea, older brother of Gregory of Nyssa
Gregory of Nyssa (c.330-c.395)
Bishop of Nyssa
Gregory of Nazianzus (329-389)
Later bishop of Constantinople
Greek speaking
3. City of Carthage and Western north Africa (modern day Algeria)
Major writers
Cyprian of Carthage (d.258)
Previously a prominent lawyer and rhetorician
Converted 246, made bishop 248
Martyred during the Decian persuction
Wrote 'Unity of the Catholic Church'
(Aurelius) Augustine of Hippo (354-430)
Made Christian theology an academic discipline
Known as the second founder of Christianity (Jerome)
Wrote 'On the City of God'
Key contributions
Doctrine of the Trinity
Doctrine of Grace
Salvation is through grace alone - not through merit of good works (Pelagius)
Doctrine of the Church (esslesiology)
Donatists believed the Church should not admit sinners
Those who yielded under Diocletian (Rome emperor), but subsequently wanted to come back to the church under Constantine
Tertullian (c.160-c.225)
Defended the unity of the OT & NT against Marcion
Led to the Doctrine of Trinity
Used the sufficiency of Scripture to defend the faith
Especially against secular philosophies
A political rival to Rome
Others
Rome
Constantinople
Milan
Jerusalem
Theological agenda
Apologetics
'A reasoned defense and justification of the Christian faith'
Key figures
Justin Martyr (c.100-c.165)
Related the gospel to the outlook of Greek philosophy
Stated OT and NT had equal authority
Irenaeus of Lyons (c.130-c.200)
Defended Christian orthodoxy against Gnosticism
Wrote 'Adversus haereses - defense of Christian understanding of salvation'
Origen (c.185-c.254)
Stated surface meaning to be distinguished from deeper spiritual meaning
Believed Christ was less divine than the Father - leads to Arianism
Apocatastasis - every creature will be saved
Athanasius (c.293-373)
Defended the Incarnation against Arian
If Christ was not fully God
God can't save humanity, as no creature could redeem another creature
The Church would be guilty of idolatry, as they would have been worshipping a human construction
Circulated his 39th Festal Letter - identifying the 27 canonical books of the NT
Especially important during persecution
The relationship between Christianity and Judaism
Paul's letters
The view of the Hebrew Bible
Doctrines of the Trinity and Christology
Developed out of the need to defend the faith (Apologetics)
Constantine converted to Christianity and became Roman emperor (306-337)
Doctrinal debates became a matter of both political and theological importance
Constantine wanted a united (catholic) church
Canon
Derives from Greek word - Kanon
Means 'a rule' or 'a fixed point of reference'
Completed at the beginning of the 5th century
Interpretation
Tradition made sure that Scripture was interpreted correctly
Secret revelation was dismissed as 'Gnostic'
Creeds
Credo - 'I believe'
Apostles' creed
Finalised in the 8th Century
Eastern version does not included 'descended into hell' or 'the communion of saints'
Nicene creed
A longer version
Condemned Arian views
Councils
Nicea (325)
Establishing the identify of Christ
Homoousios - 'one in being / 'of one substance'
First ecumenical council
Settled Arian controversy
Chalcedon (451)
Confirmed decisions of Nicea
Carthage (418)
Approved of Augustine's view of grace
Rejected Pelagius 'merit by works'
Apollinarian debate
Apollinarius of Laodicea (c.310-c.390)
An opponent of Arius
Believed Christ could not be fully human
Human spirit replaced by divine logos
Gregory of Nazianzus stated if Christ was not fully human, then he can not fully redeem humans
Introduction
By c100 Christianity was established throughout the mediterranean world and had a significant presence in Rome
Tensions between Rome and Constantinople
Foreshadow to the division of west and east
Definitive period in the development of Christian doctrine
Refers to the church fathers and the period of ideas
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