Science

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Every Lesson for one quarter
The Unknown
Mind Map by The Unknown, updated more than 1 year ago
The Unknown
Created by The Unknown over 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Science
  1. 19th Century
    1. HEAT
      1. MIDDLE OF THE 19th Century
        1. Invisible, weightless, a substance called a CALORIC FLUID
          1. REJECTED! BY COUNT BENJAMIN THOMPSON RUMFORD
            1. AMERICAN-BORN PHYSICIST
              1. HEAT IS FROM THE FRICTION ALONE, SEEMED LIMITLESS AND NOT A SUBSTANCE
                1. AFTER 40 YEARS
                  1. JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE
                    1. ENGLISH PHYSICIST
                      1. Proved that a measurable amount of mechanical energy could always be transformed into definite amounts of heat. Heat must be just another form of energy
                  2. MILITARY EXPERT IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
              2. SOURCES OF HEAT
                1. NATURAL SOURCES
                  1. THE SUN
                    1. THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
                    2. ARTIFICIAL SOURCES
                      1. CHEMICAL ACTION
                        1. Fuels like coal, oil, kerosene, wood and gasoline are burned
                          1. Used as artificial sources of heat
                            1. Body = furnace
                              1. Oxygen burns food = 370C
                            2. MECHANICAL ENERGY
                              1. Rubbing hands
                                1. Compress gases
                                  1. Air is pumped into a basketball (cylinder of the pump and the needle become HOT)
                                    1. HEAT ENERGY
                                    2. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
                                      1. Ovens, Toasters, Electric irons
                                        1. Heating coils
                                      2. NUCLEAR ENERGY
                                        1. Nuclear reaction
                                          1. EXAMPLES
                                            1. WATER
                                              1. STEAM
                                              2. ELECTRICITY
                                                1. TOURBINE
                                      3. temperature
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