1861553
Description
Mind Map by nicolaglass, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by nicolaglass
almost 10 years ago
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Atmosphere
- Atmosphere
- The mixture of gases surrounding the Earth
- The mixture of gases surrounding the Earth
- Different layers
of the
atmosphere
- Stratosphere (Stratopause
- The layer of the atmosphere
above the troposhere
- Temperature does not decrease
with increasing altitude
- Free of cloud and dust, ozone absorbs
and filters out UV radiation
- The layer of the atmosphere
above the troposhere
- Thermosphere
- The outermost layer of the Earths surface
- Temperature falls with
increasing altitude
- The outermost layer of the Earths surface
- Mesosphere
- The layer of atmosphere above the stratosphere
to an altitude of about 80km above the surface
of the Earth
- The layer of atmosphere above the stratosphere
to an altitude of about 80km above the surface
of the Earth
- Troposphere (Tropopause)
- Layer extending approx. 8- 17km upwards from
Earths surface
- Temperature decreases with increasing height
- Temp usually decreases at av. 6.5C per km
- Temp usually decreases at av. 6.5C per km
- Most of our climae and
weather processes
happen here
- Layer extending approx. 8- 17km upwards from
Earths surface
- Stratosphere (Stratopause
- Atmospheric heat budget
- depends on the balance between incoming solar
radiation (insolation) and outgoing radiation from the
planet
- depends on the balance between incoming solar
radiation (insolation) and outgoing radiation from the
planet
- Planteray surface winds
- Wind is the horizontal movement
of air on the Earth's surface
- Winds result in
differences in air
pressure - always
blow from high to low
- If temp. increases in a place the air expands and
rises, which reduces air pressure
- If temp. decreases in a place the air becomes
denser and sinks which increases air pressure.
- If temp. decreases in a place the air becomes
denser and sinks which increases air pressure.
- If temp. increases in a place the air expands and
rises, which reduces air pressure
- Surface winds change seasonally and
are affected by land and sea
- Wind is the horizontal movement
of air on the Earth's surface
- Atmospheric pressure and winds
- The pressure exerted by the weight of the air
in the atmosphere at the surface of the Earth
- Av. pressure at sea level is 1,013mb.
- Ground surface has greatest weight
acting upon them - so pressure is greatest
here.
- High pressure - air is descending and associated
with dry weather
- Low pressure - air is rising and associated with precipitation and
windy conditions. As it ascends air cools and cannot hold as much
water vapour - so condenses and become clouds and condensation
level.
- The pressure exerted by the weight of the air
in the atmosphere at the surface of the Earth
- General atmospheric
circulation system
- The differential heating of the Earth's
surface by the sun is sufficient to create a
pattern of pressure cells.
- Movement within each cell is usually
circular and responsible for the transfer
of surplus energy from equatorial
regions to other parts of the Earth
- Movement within each cell is usually
circular and responsible for the transfer
of surplus energy from equatorial
regions to other parts of the Earth
- Rossby waves - A series of
large waves that occur in
the westerlies in the
mid-latitudes in both
Northern and Southern
hemispheres
- Hadley Cells - form the basis of tropical air
circulation, and are responsible for
seasonal changes in climate
- Between the 2 Hadley cells there is an area
of low pressure known as the Inter Tropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ
- Sun is always high, ground heated rapidly by day and lots of surface
evaporation. Hot air rises in convection currents and area of low
pressure develops
- This rising air cools and water vapour condenses giving
heavy rainfall
- This rising air cools and water vapour condenses giving
heavy rainfall
- Sun is always high, ground heated rapidly by day and lots of surface
evaporation. Hot air rises in convection currents and area of low
pressure develops
- At high altitudes the air moves polewards - usually
circulating as upper westerly wind as a result of the
Coriolis
- Between the 2 Hadley cells there is an area
of low pressure known as the Inter Tropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ
- Ferrel and Polar cells
- The differential heating of the Earth's
surface by the sun is sufficient to create a
pattern of pressure cells.
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