1875877
Description
Mind Map by megan langdon, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by megan langdon
almost 10 years ago
|
|
Media Influences on
Prosocial Behaviour AO1
- Exposure to
prosocial
behaviour
- A statistic
commonly reported
on is the high
prevalence of violent
acts shown on TV
- Studies have found
that popular children's
progs contain at least
one act of aggression
and antisocial
behaviour
- Despite moral panic over
antisocial content in popular
TV progs, there has been
prosocial content that is of
comparable levels
- Studies have found
that popular children's
progs contain at least
one act of aggression
and antisocial
behaviour
- A statistic
commonly reported
on is the high
prevalence of violent
acts shown on TV
- Acquisition of
prosocial
behaviours and
norms
- Social Learning
Theory -- claims we
learn by obs how to do
things and when they
are acceptable
- May then imitate
behaviour,the likelihood of
repeating the behaviours is
determined by the
consequences of the
imitated behaviour
- Prosocial acts on TV are
more likely to represent
social norms that have been
established (e.g. helping
others) then antisocial acts
(e.g murder, fighting)
- These prosocial acts
are likely to reinforce
social norms rather
then contrast them
- Suggests we are less
likely to be rewarded
for imitating antisocial
behaviour than for
prosical behaviour
- Suggests we are less
likely to be rewarded
for imitating antisocial
behaviour than for
prosical behaviour
- These prosocial acts
are likely to reinforce
social norms rather
then contrast them
- May then imitate
behaviour,the likelihood of
repeating the behaviours is
determined by the
consequences of the
imitated behaviour
- Social Learning
Theory -- claims we
learn by obs how to do
things and when they
are acceptable
- Developmental
factors
- It has suggested that
many of the skills
synonymous with
prosocial behaviours (e.g.
empathy, moral
reasoning) develop
throughout childhood into
adolescence
- As a consequence --
might expect strong
differences in the
degree children are
influenced by prosocial
behaviour on TV
- Older children may
be more affected by
prosocial portrayal in
media then younger
children
- Older children may
be more affected by
prosocial portrayal in
media then younger
children
- As a consequence --
might expect strong
differences in the
degree children are
influenced by prosocial
behaviour on TV
- It has suggested that
many of the skills
synonymous with
prosocial behaviours (e.g.
empathy, moral
reasoning) develop
throughout childhood into
adolescence
- Parental
Mediation
- For many the effect of TV
viewing is mediated by the
presence of a parent (as
co-viewer).
- Parental mediation
recognised by BBC w/ early
children's programmes, like
'Watch w/ Mother'.
- Austin (1993) argued that
effective mediation involves
parents discussing prog w/
child, explaining any
ambiguous/ disturbing material
and following up concepts
presented in prog
- Parental mediation has
been shown to enhance
the learning effect of
Sesame Street (Rice et al,
1990)
- Rosenkoetter (1999)
suggested that w/ parental
mediation, children as
young as 7 were able to
understand even complex
moral messages contained
in adult sitcoms.
- Austin (1993) argued that
effective mediation involves
parents discussing prog w/
child, explaining any
ambiguous/ disturbing material
and following up concepts
presented in prog
- Parental mediation
recognised by BBC w/ early
children's programmes, like
'Watch w/ Mother'.
- For many the effect of TV
viewing is mediated by the
presence of a parent (as
co-viewer).
- Mares
(1996)
- Altruism (e.g.
sharing,
offering help)
- Studies typically
involve explicit
modelling of very
specific behaviours.
- Sprafkin et
al (1975)
- Young children
watched episode of
Lassie - child rescued a
dog
- More likely to help
puppies in distress than
children who watched a
neutral TV prog
- More likely to help
puppies in distress than
children who watched a
neutral TV prog
- Young children
watched episode of
Lassie - child rescued a
dog
- Mares concluded
children who saw
prosocial content
behaved more
altruistically than those
who viewed neutral/
antisocial content
- Studies typically
involve explicit
modelling of very
specific behaviours.
- Self control (e.g.
resistance to
temptation, task
persistence)
- When exposed to TV
model demonstrating
self-control, children
subsequently showed
higher lvls of self-control in
their own behaviour
- Friedrich and
Stein (1973)
- 4 yr olds who watched Mister
Rogers' Neighbourhood over 4
week subsequently showed more
taske persistence and obedience to
rules than those who watched
aggressive cartoons (such as
Batman) / neutral progs over the
same period
- 4 yr olds who watched Mister
Rogers' Neighbourhood over 4
week subsequently showed more
taske persistence and obedience to
rules than those who watched
aggressive cartoons (such as
Batman) / neutral progs over the
same period
- When exposed to TV
model demonstrating
self-control, children
subsequently showed
higher lvls of self-control in
their own behaviour
- Positive interaction
(e.g. friendly
interactions, peaceable
conflict resolution)
- Friedrich
and Stein
- Observers watched
children at play,
counting the no of
aggressive acts, friendly
behaviours, expressions
of affection etc
- Those who had watched
the prosocial prog behaved
more pos towards each
other than those who had
seen the neutral prog
- Those who had watched
the prosocial prog behaved
more pos towards each
other than those who had
seen the neutral prog
- Observers watched
children at play,
counting the no of
aggressive acts, friendly
behaviours, expressions
of affection etc
- Friedrich
and Stein
- Anti- stereotyping
(e.g. counter-
stereotypes of
gender)
- Johnston
and Ettema
- Conducted a
large-scale study
involving sev 1,000
9-12 yr olds.
- Watched TV
series,Freestyle (prog
designed to reduce sex -
role stereotypes), once a
week for 13 weeks
- Overall, there were mod pos
effects in studies such as this,
which featured counter -
stereotypical themes, w/ children
becoming less stereotyped or
prejudiced in their attitudes /
beliefs
- Overall, there were mod pos
effects in studies such as this,
which featured counter -
stereotypical themes, w/ children
becoming less stereotyped or
prejudiced in their attitudes /
beliefs
- Watched TV
series,Freestyle (prog
designed to reduce sex -
role stereotypes), once a
week for 13 weeks
- Conducted a
large-scale study
involving sev 1,000
9-12 yr olds.
- Johnston
and Ettema
- Altruism (e.g.
sharing,
offering help)
- Prosocial
effects of
other media
- Mares and
Woodard
(2001)
- Children's stories traditionally
carried prosocial messages (Snow
White, who looked after the
dwarves and triumphed over the
bad stepmother).
- Young children - especially
fond of reading these stories
over and over again which
reinforces the message
- Young children - especially
fond of reading these stories
over and over again which
reinforces the message
- Increasing no of children,
computer software and
Internet are important form
of entertainment, but not yet
focused on prosocial content
- Children's stories traditionally
carried prosocial messages (Snow
White, who looked after the
dwarves and triumphed over the
bad stepmother).
- Mares and
Woodard
(2001)
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