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Hyperglycemia

Description

Certificate Paramedic Refresher (Endocrine ) Mind Map on Hyperglycemia, created by MARK BETTERTON on 29/01/2015.
MARK BETTERTON
Mind Map by MARK BETTERTON, updated more than 1 year ago
MARK BETTERTON
Created by MARK BETTERTON almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Hyperglycemia
  1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
    1. Lack of Insulin
      1. Glucose can't enter cell
        1. Cells Starved; Glucagon Released
          1. Free fatty acids formed
            1. Metabolized into ketones
              1. Acetone smell respirations
                1. Leads to metabolic acidosis
                  1. Excess ketones require kidneys to eliminate in urine
                    1. Sodium Buffer; pulls more water and electrolytes increasing volume depletion
                2. Gluconeogenesis
                  1. More Glucose Released
                    1. Further elevated BGL
                3. Glucose molecules produce osmotic diuresis
                  1. Large amount water drawn into renal tubules
                    1. Excessive Urination
                      1. Dehydration/ Volume Depletion
            2. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
              1. Lack of Insulin or Insulin Resistance
                1. Glucose can't enter cell
                  1. Small amounts of circulating insulin prevent ketoacidosis
                    1. Elevated BGL creates hyperosmolar extracellular space
                      1. Intracellular Fluid pulled into extracellular space
                        1. Serum osmotic pressure pulls electrolytes from tissues
                          1. Serum Eletrolyte levels may appear normal or even elevated
                            1. Electrolytes actually extremely depleted at cellular level
                      2. Glucose molecules produce osmotic diuresis
                        1. Intravascular volume drastically depleted
                          1. Kidneys now hypoperfused
                            1. Circulatory Collapse
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