Elementos básicos del Estado Colombiano

Antecedentes
1. ¿Qué es el Estado?
  1. Es el conglomerado social, política y jurídicamente constituido, asentado sobre un territorio determinado, sometido a una autoridad que se ejerce a través de sus propios órganos y cuya autoridad o soberanía es reconocida por otros Estados
2. Elementos del Estado
  1. Población
    1. Elemento Humano
  2. Territorio
    1. Elemento físico
  3. Soberanía
    1. Elemento Internacional
3. Conceptos importantes
  1. Nación
  2. País
  3. Patria
  4. República
El Estado colombiano y su organización
1. Principios básicos de la organización estatal
  1. El principio de la separación de poderes
    1. Es necesario distinguir tres poderes separados: el legislativo, el ejecutivo y el judicial
  2. Estado federal o Estado Unitario
    1. Es un conjunto de Estados sometidos a un poder único, pero con independencia.
    2. Es un conjunto de Estados sometidos a un poder único, pero con independencia.Hay un único Estado el cual está organizado en secciones territoriales
  3. Principio de centralización política y descentralización administrativa
    1. Implica que las funciones políticas están centralizadas, mientras que la función administrativa puede descentralizarse
2. Fundamentos del Estado colombiano
  1. La jerarquía normativa
    1. Todo estado se rige por un conjunto de normas, encabezados por la Constitución Política, que orienta la organización y funcionamiento del Estado
  2. La función administrativa
    1. Es el conjunto de tareas desempeñadas por las autoridades políticas de la Rama Ejecutiva
      1. Desconcentración
      2. Delegación
      3. Descentralización
  3. El Estado Colombiano
    1. Se compone de: Estado social de Derecho, Republica unitaria, Autonomía de las entidades territoriales, Democrática, participativa y pluralista, Respeto de la dignidad humana, Valor del trabajo, La solidaridad de las personas, La prevalencia del interés general
Legislative branch
1. Congress of the republic
  1. Functions (Constitution V and Vl; Law 5 of 1992)
    1. Constituent
      1. Legislative acts that reform the constitution
        Process
        Initiative
        Presentation of the legislative act
        National government ;10 members of the congress; 5% of the electoral roll ;20% of deputies or councilors
        Procedure
        1 period; simple majority approval; Publication
        2 period; absolute majority approval; Legislative act
    2. Legislative
      1. Develop, interpret, reform and repeal laws and codes
        Process
        Initiative
        Project Presentation
        Ministers; Senators and House of Representatives, constitutional court, superior council of the judiciary, supreme court of justice, state council, national electoral council, attorney general, comptroller general, attorney general, ombudsman, 5% of the electoral roll, 30% of deputies or councilors
        Procedure
        2 legislatures
        4 debates
        approval of: chamber and senate commission; chamber and senate plenary
        President's sanction
        Republic Law
        Ordinary
        Organic
        Statutory
    3. Political control
      1. Request explanations and accusations from senior state officials
    4. Judicial
      1. Judge senior state officials
    5. Electoral
      1. Election of the comptroller, attorney, magistrates, disciplinary court, ombudsman, vice president
    6. Administrative
      1. Establish the organization and operation of the congress
    7. Public control
      1. Citation of natural or legal persons to declare
    8. Protocol
      1. Reception of heads of state or foreign governments.
  2. Composition
    1. Senate of the Republic
      1. Period: 4 years 100 Senators - national constituency 2 senators - Indigenous communities
        Organization
        Boards of Directors
        Manage the internal organization of efficient legislative and administrative work
        General Secretary
        Communication and maintenance of the congress archive
        Permanent constitutional commissions
        7 commissions that process the legislative act or law projects in the first debate
        Legal commissions
        6 support commissions to constitutional commissions
        Special commissions
        Tracing
        surveillance to the organisms
        Assigned to national and international organizations
        public credit
        Report on external credit operations
        Congress modernization
        Accidental commissions
        Specific functions to improve legislative and administrative development
    2. House of Representatives
      1. Period: 4 years; 161 representatives - territorial circumscription; 4 representatives - ethnic groups; 1 representative- international constituency
The executive or administrative branch in the national order
1. National government (constitution article 150 and titles Vll and Xl; Law 489 of 1998)
  1. Goals
    1. Economic and social development
    2. Plans, public policies and general strategies
  2. Organization
    1. Presidency of the Republic
      1. Popular vote; 4 years; Colombian by birth; +30 years
        Head of state
        Top representative of the country
        Goverment's head
        Maximum executive body of national order
        Supreme Administrative Authority
        Top management, coordination and administrative control authority
        Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces
        Maximum authority over public force
    2. Ministries
      1. Direct, coordinate and execute a set of public services
        Interior and Justice; External relationships; Treasury and Public Credit; National defense; Agriculture and Rural Development; Social protection; Mines and Energy; Commerce, Industry and Tourism; Education; Environment, Housing and Territorial Development; Information technology and communications; Transport; Culture
        Affiliated Organizations
        Superintendencias
        Control, inspection and surveillance of the provision of a public service. They have administrative and financial autonomy
        Notary and Registry; Financial; Solidarity Economy; Surveillance and Private security; Family allowance; National Health; Industry and Commerce; societies; general ports; home public services
        Public Establishments
        They serve administrative functions and provide public services. They have legal status, administrative autonomy and independent heritage
        Special Administrative Units
        Administrative functions to develop programs of the ministry or administrative departments
    3. Administrative departments
      1. Entities of a technical nature that provide information for decision making
        Administrative Department of the Presidency of the Republic; National Planning; Of security; Of the Public Function; of Statistics; Of the Solidarity Economy; Science, Technology and Innovation "Francisco José de Caldas"
    4. Linked organizations
      1. Industrial and commercial companies of the state
        They fulfill activities of an industrial or commercial nature. They have legal status, administrative autonomy and independent capital
      2. Mixed economy societies
        Authorization of law and partnership contract
        Legal status, administrative autonomy and public and private capital
        Shareholder meeting, board of directors and legal representatives
    5. Decentralized indirect entities
      1. Created by other decentralized entities in agreement of wills
    6. Special Regime Entities
      1. Special regime and own autonomy
        Constitutional origin
        Bank of the Republic; Autonomous university entities; Regional Autonomous Corporations; National Television Commission; National Civil Service Commission
        Legal Origin
        State social enterprises; Official domiciliary public services companies; Scientific and technological institutes; Financial guarantee fund; Guarantee fund of corporate entities; ICETEX
Judicial Branch
1. The Judicial Branch is the manager justice and decide issues juridicas that acquire definitive force of truth
2. The congress issued the law 270 of 1996
  1. It precise that the Judicial Branch is integrate by the follow jurisdictions
    1. Ordinary Jurisdiction
      1. The Ordinary Jurisdiction is the charged to resolve the litigations related with issues civilians , penal and familiars.
      2. The Supreme Court of Jusitice is the maximum tribunal of Ordinary Jusdiction
    2. Jurisdiction of administrative litigation
      1. IS the Jursidiction tha know of issues that involve to entities and organitations of executive branch of the public power of Colombia
      2. The State Council es de maximum tribunal of jurisdiction of administrative litigation
    3. Constitutional jurisdiction
      1. It is formed by the constitutional court, which is the body entrusted with guarding the integrity and supremacy of the constitution
    4. Special Jurisdiction
      1. As noted in the begining of this chapter, the articles 246 and 247 of the Politic Constitucion of 1991 establishes two news jurisdictions with the special character: the jurisdiction of indigenous peoples and the jurisdiction of peace.
    5. General Prosecutor of the Nation
      1. Article 249 of the Constitution determines that the Attorney General's Office is an organ with administrative and budgetary autonomy that is part of the Judicial Branch
      2. The 1991 Constitution created the Prosecutor's Office, which is primarily responsible for investigating crimes and accusing alleged offenders before the competent courts and tribunals
    6. Superior Council of the Judiciary
      1. The Superior Council of the Judiciary is: “the highest body in charge of the administration of the Judicial Branch and of exercising the disciplinary function in relation to the civil servants, judicial employees and practicing lawyers”
Control Organs
1. Public Ministry
  1. Attorney General's Office
    1. It is the control body, autonomous and independent responsible for the Public Ministry in national and territorial orders
2. Fiscal Control
  1. General Comptroller of the Nation
    1. It is a technical entity that is responsible for monitoring fiscal management and controlling the result of the administration.
Electoral Organization
1. Nacional Electoral Council
  1. It is the highest organ of the electoral organization, and it is a corporation that exercises, by mandate of the Constitution, the supreme inspection and surveillance of the electoral organization
2. The electoral organization is the group of entities that, by disposition of the Constitution, are responsible for organizing the elections, their direction and surveillance, as well as those related to the identity of the people.
3. In accordance with article 120 of the Political Constitution, the electoral organization is made up of the National Electoral Council, the National Registry of Civil Status, and the other bodies established by law

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Elementos básicos del Estado Colombiano

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