TEACHING LISTENING

Listening comprehension
1. Top-down process: to use background knowledge to understand meaning.
2. Bottom-up process: to build meaning starting from a lower linguistic level.
3. Interactive process
  1. creation of 'image' from 'raw speech'
  2. definition of type of speech and 'colouring'
  3. inference of messages's function
  4. interpretation through association with own schemata
  5. grant of literal meaning
  6. match-making of perceived and intended meanings
  7. determination of information storage: short-term or long-term memory
  8. deletion of original message
Helping to develop listening skills
1. focusing listening
  1. for gist
  2. for specific details
  3. for language purposes
  4. repetition
2. preparing students
  1. background knowledge
  2. predicting
  3. pre-teaching key vocabulary
  4. guessing meaning
  5. identifying
    1. connected speech
    2. linked words
3. pre-defining activity
  1. increasingly challenging tasks
  2. clear objectives
    1. linguistic skills
    2. experiential content
  3. schema-building tasks
Interactive Approach
1. intensive: focuses on language components; includes bottom-up skills
2. selective: to scan the material for specific information
3. extensive: to understand message or purpose; it entails top-down skills
4. responsive: to elicit rapid answers from listeners
5. reactive: listener as a 'tape recorder', does not generate meaning.
6. interactive: includes all abovementioned; listeners have active role
Comprehension Approach
1. extensive-listening stage
2. preset question or task
3. intensive listening
4. language focus
5. final listening
6. pre-listening stage
Difficulties to consider
1. clustering
2. redundancy
3. reduced forms
4. colloquial language
5. stress, rhythm & intonation
6. rate of delivery

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TEACHING LISTENING

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	Created by Mariana Mendez over 5 years ago