Life in Nazi Germany

How were ordinary people treated?
1. Groups
  1. Small businesses
    1. Encouraged
    2. Value of trade doubled
    3. Less competition
      1. New department stores banned
      2. Jewish businesses closed
      3. More profit
  2. Big businesses
    1. Trade unions destroyed
      1. Benefits them
    2. Manager salaries rose
    3. Benefitted from rearmament
    4. Less freedom
      1. Had to produce what Nazis wanted
      2. Government took over several aspects
        Prices
        Wages
        Profits
        Imports
  3. Farmers
    1. Nazis liked them
    2. Debts written off
    3. Food prices up
      1. Profits
    4. Shortage of workers
      1. They all went to cities
    5. Nazis set rules
      1. e.g. hens had to lay 65 eggs per year
      2. Farmers didn't like
  4. Unskilled workers
    1. Put to work in government schemes
      1. e.g. building motorways
      2. Low wages
      3. No choice
      4. At least they could work
    2. Cheaper housing
  5. Jews
    1. At first:
      1. Jews didn't think he would be that bad
        Some voted for him
    2. Initial persecution
      1. Propaganda
      2. Businesses boycotted - 1933
      3. Jews removed from Civil Service
      4. Jewish culture (plays etc) banned
    3. Nuremberg Laws - 1935
      1. Jews couldn't marry non-jews
        Stop German blood being 'tainted'
      2. Jews were no longer citizens
        Couldn't vote
        Banned from many jobs
      3. 3+ Jewish grandparents = Jewish
    4. Kristallnacht - 1938
      1. Started with a Polish Jew killing a German diplomat
      2. Goebbels made it happen
        Had an affair
        Wanted to please Hitler
      3. Shops and homes ransacked
      4. Synagogues burnt
      5. Some outrage
        Decided to be quieter about it later
    5. Post 1939
      1. Property confiscated
        Forced to live in ghettos
      2. Wansee conference - 1942
        'Final solution'
        Moved into death camps
        6 million killed
      3. Moved to concentration camps - 1941
  6. Women
    1. Encouraged to have children
      1. Loans written off - more for each child
      2. Medals
    2. Encouraged to get married
      1. Given loans when married
    3. Also encouraged to work
    4. Favoured Aryans
  7. Youth
    1. Focused on them - coninue Reich
    2. Propaganda for them
    3. Youth groups
      1. Very fun
      2. Outdoor activities
      3. Taught Nazi ideas
2. The DAF
  1. All workers had to join
  2. Put to work
    1. Motorways
    2. Hospitals
    3. Schools
  3. Workers and employees joined
    1. Disputes settled
  4. Had organisations to win over workers
    1. Beauty of Labour
      1. Persuaded employers to improve working conditions
      2. Made workers happier
    2. Strength through Joy (KDF)
      1. Organised free / heavily subsidised activities for workers
        Holidays
        Cinema
        Cruises
    3. Happy workers = higher productivity
      1. Also eliminate opposition
  5. RAD
    1. All 18-25 year old men had to work
      1. 6 Months
      2. Badly-paid
      3. Maual labour
  6. Mixed effects
Economy
1. Hitler had promised a lot - people woud be angry if he couldn't deliver
2. He needed money to go to war
3. The New Plan - 1934
  1. Made by Schacht
  2. Recover economy
    1. Limited imports
    2. Trade agreements
    3. Gov.t spending on industries
    4. Unemployment reduced
      1. Compulsory labour
      2. Army conscription
    5. Wait to rearm
  3. Success?
    1. Solved economic crisis
      1. World economy also recovering
    2. Didn't rearm fast enough
    3. Ditched
4. The Four Year Plan
  1. Led by Goering
  2. Kinda like New Plan, but focused on rearmament
    1. Hitler happy
    2. Tighter control on everything economy-related
  3. 'Arms not butter'
5. Results
  1. Unemployment down a lot
    1. Jews removed from figures
  2. Production up
  3. Better trade balance
  4. Debt up quickly
  5. Diet worse
    1. Eggs down by 41%
  6. Could have done better if they were less focused on rearmament
Reducing opposition
1. Propaganda
  1. Led by Goebbels
  2. Newspapers
    1. Nazis took control
    2. Not many people read them
  3. Radio
    1. Nazis subsidised them
      1. At end, 70% had them
    2. Couldn't pick up foreign stations
    3. Employers had to put up loudspeakers
      1. Propaganda everywhere
  4. Films
    1. Mostly normal films
      1. Encouraged Nazi ideals
    2. Some were very propagandised
      1. e.g. The Eternal Jew
    3. People loved them
      1. More believable
  5. Festivals and celebrations
    1. Important Nazi days celebrated
    2. German Culture Day
    3. Nuremberg rally
      1. Show off military
      2. N. Korea style
    4. People actually liked them
  6. Reich Chamber of Culture
    1. Controlled actors, musicians and writers
      1. Compulsory
    2. Music
      1. Traditional folk music
      2. No Jazz - 'black'
    3. Theatre
      1. German history
    4. Reinforced Nazi beliefs
2. Terror
  1. See consolidation of power mindmap
3. Church
  1. Bad
    1. People should worship him
    2. Can't be a German AND Christian
    3. Could breed opposition
  2. Agreements with Church
    1. Couldn't risk abolishing them
    2. Concordat 1933
      1. Agreement with Pope
      2. He leaves Catholics alone
      3. Pope leaves him alone
    3. Unification of Protestant Church
      1. Nazi leader Mueller
  3. Nazification of Churches
    1. Began 1935
    2. Churches more pro-Nazi
      1. Nazi bishop
      2. Nazi services
    3. Churches became less important
      1. 1939 - all Church schools abolished
        People didn't care
        However huge uproar at removing crosses from schools
        Nazis simply gave them back
        Still some power over Nazis
Opposition
1. There was very little
  1. Scared
    1. Gestapo
  2. Happy with them
  3. Didn't know
2. Youth
  1. Swing Youth
    1. They liked jazz
    2. They passively resisted
      1. Listened to jazz
      2. Wore English clothes
      3. Very little effect
    3. Punished severely
      1. Concentration camps
      2. Hair cut off
      3. Physical punishment
  2. Edelweiss Pirates
    1. Like an Anti Hitler Youth
      1. Did HY-style activities
      2. Beat up HY patrols
    2. Did some extreme stuff
      1. Killed head of Cologne Gestapo
    3. Punished VERY severely
      1. Members were hung
  3. White Rose
    1. Hated treatment of non-Aryans
    2. Based in Munich
      1. University students
        Professor as well
      2. Distributed pamphlets
    3. Leaders killed
      1. Still famous today
3. Army
  1. Some deserted
  2. Bomb plot 1944
    1. Operation Valkyrie
    2. Stauffenberg and a bunch of army guys tried to blow Hitler up
      1. Failed
    3. Leaders killed
  3. SS took it over
4. Church
  1. Detested Nazi policies
  2. e.g. Dietrich Bonhoeffer
    1. Preached against Nazis
    2. Got evidence against Nazis
    3. Rescued Jews from camps
    4. Killed
WW2
1. Food
  1. At first rationed well
    1. By 1945 there was no food
      1. Had to rely on black market / scavenging
    2. For some better than before
2. Bombing
  1. 1942 - 1945 was really bad
    1. Cities decimated
    2. 500 000 dead
    3. Supply lines gone
  2. 7M homeless
3. Army
  1. Conscription from 1945
    1. 2M in army
  2. Blomberg-Fritsch crisis 1937
    1. Doubted army's readiness
  3. Many deserted
    1. Especially fighting USSR
4. Economy
  1. Men at war
    1. Women had to work
  2. Rapidly got worse
5. Turning point - 1941
  1. Attacked USSR
6. Hitler comitted suicide 30 Apr 1945
  1. War ended 8th May

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Life in Nazi Germany

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	Created by Frank Shrimpton almost 5 years ago