20602844
Description
Mind Map by Rob James, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kikileah97
over 10 years ago
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Copied by Rob James
almost 5 years ago
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Cognitive approach
mind map
- Assumptions
- Behaviour is shaped by internal
processes of the mind
- Schemas
- Bartlett's 'war of the ghosts' study
- Normalising and rationalising
the story to fit existing
schemas
- canoe - boat
hunting seals -
fishing
- canoe - boat
hunting seals -
fishing
- Normalising and rationalising
the story to fit existing
schemas
- Packets of information that
help make sense of the world
around us
- Bartlett's 'war of the ghosts' study
- Schemas
- The brain is like a
computer
- Input........processing........output
- we take information from the
environment and then
process it to make sense of
the world
- Mental processes
- attention, perception,
memory, language and
thinking
- stroop test
- INPUT
- Colours and words
- Colours and words
- PROCESS
- perception (of list), memory
(what colours look like) and
language
- perception (of list), memory
(what colours look like) and
language
- OUTPUT
- Correct answer
- Correct answer
- INPUT
- attention, perception,
memory, language and
thinking
- Mental processes
- we take information from the
environment and then
process it to make sense of
the world
- Input........processing........output
- Behaviour is shaped by internal
processes of the mind
- Attribution Theory
- The person; internal/dispositional
attributes
- Personality
- Someone has a loud
behaviour in terms of their
extroverted personality
- Observer bias - Fundamental
attribution error (FAE)
- Getting cut in traffic; you assume driver is an 'idiot'
(dispositional attribute), instead could be rushing to
hospital (situational attribute)
- Getting cut in traffic; you assume driver is an 'idiot'
(dispositional attribute), instead could be rushing to
hospital (situational attribute)
- Observer bias - Fundamental
attribution error (FAE)
- Someone has a loud
behaviour in terms of their
extroverted personality
- Personality
- The situation;
external/situational attributes
- Social norms or luck
- Someone is loud because the
environment is noisy
- Self-serving bias
- Taking credit for our successes and
disassociate ourselves from our
failures
- Protects our self-esteem
and gives us a sense of
control
- E.g. exam results - good results because
they revised hard, bad results because they
had a bad teacher or a hard paper
- E.g. exam results - good results because
they revised hard, bad results because they
had a bad teacher or a hard paper
- Protects our self-esteem
and gives us a sense of
control
- Taking credit for our successes and
disassociate ourselves from our
failures
- Someone is loud because the
environment is noisy
- Social norms or luck
- The person; internal/dispositional
attributes
- Cognitive Behaviour therapy
- aims to make abnormal behaviour
normal by changing negative thinking
into constructive, positive thinking
- The glass is half full
not half empty
- 1. client explains what they are finding difficult, how
they feel about themselves etc. The therapist must
then challenge and negative and distorted thinking.
- 2. The therapist challenges the clients negative self-schema
- 3. The client is given homework to aid the
process. Dysfunctional thought diary where
unpleasant emotions are recorded and a
rational response is written to challenge these
- 4. Client is taught relaxation techniques to help in anxious periods.
- 4. Client is taught relaxation techniques to help in anxious periods.
- 3. The client is given homework to aid the
process. Dysfunctional thought diary where
unpleasant emotions are recorded and a
rational response is written to challenge these
- 2. The therapist challenges the clients negative self-schema
- 16-20 sessions are needed and most
effective when used with anti-depressants
- The glass is half full
not half empty
- Highest success
rate 90%+ (David
and Avellino)
- aims to make abnormal behaviour
normal by changing negative thinking
into constructive, positive thinking
- Strengths
- Practical applications
- 90%+ success rate for
CBT by challenging
negative schema
- 90%+ success rate for
CBT by challenging
negative schema
- Nature/Nurture
- Nature - processing, we are all born
with the input, processing, output
- Nurture - schema, everyones
schemas are different depending
on their experiences/knowledge
- Nature - processing, we are all born
with the input, processing, output
- Practical applications
- Weaknesses
- Reductionist
- Only concentrates on processing
and ignores genes, environment,
the unconscious mind and other
factors
- Only concentrates on processing
and ignores genes, environment,
the unconscious mind and other
factors
- Deterministic
- People have no free
will as they have no
control over processing
- People have no free
will as they have no
control over processing
- Reductionist
- Methodology
- Lab experiment
- Reliable
- Reliable
- Lacks external
validity
- Lacks external
validity
- Morris - schema score (IV)
effects memory score (DV)
- Case studies
- High external
validity
- High external
validity
- Ethical issues
- Ethical issues
- Clive Wearing - viral
encephalitis. confused, easily
irritated. Only short term
memory
- HM - had epilepsy
after accident and
started to forget after
receiving a brain
operation
- Lab experiment
Media attachments
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