Neoplasia-II

Description

Mind Map on Neoplasia-II, created by Pooja Acharya on 05/02/2020.
Pooja Acharya
Mind Map by Pooja Acharya, updated more than 1 year ago
Pooja Acharya
Created by Pooja Acharya over 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Neoplasia-II
  1. 8 Hallmarks of cancer
    1. Insensitivity to anti-growth signals
      1. Tumor suppressor genes
        1. Loss of function mutations
          1. APC(Ch.5)
            1. Familial adenomatous polyposis
              1. Normal function: Binds to beta-catenin and degrades
              2. NF-1
                1. Neurofibromatosis
                  1. Multiple cutaneous tumors
                  2. Normal: Neurofibromin GTPase activity
                  3. NF-2
                    1. b/L Acoustic neuroma+schwannoma
                      1. Normal: cytoskeletal protein merlin
                      2. BRCA-1&2
                        1. Familial breast cancer
                          1. Normal: DNA Repair
                          2. Rb
                            1. Knudson 2 hit
                              1. Retinoblastoma
                                1. Familail
                                  1. Bilateral
                                    1. Osteosarcoma
                                    2. Sporadic
                                      1. Unilateral
                                        1. No osteosarcoma
                                    3. DCC
                                      1. Colon cancer
                                      2. p53
                                        1. Lifraumeni syndrome
                                        2. VHL(CH3)
                                          1. RCC+ Cerebellar hemagiblastoma
                                          2. WT-1
                                            1. Nephroblastoma
                                              1. Normal : Helps in differentiation of fetal kidney
                                          3. Limitless replicative potential
                                            1. Altered metabolism
                                              1. Aerobic glycolysis
                                                1. Principle of PET scan
                                                2. Evasion of apoptosis
                                                  1. bcl-2
                                                    1. Follicular lymphoma
                                                  2. Sustained angiogenesis
                                                    1. Notch pathway
                                                      1. Angiostatin inhibits
                                                        1. FGF PDGF Promotes
                                                      2. Ability to invade and metastasis
                                                        1. steps
                                                          1. 1. Loosening by loss of E-cadherin
                                                            1. 2. Degradation of BM by MMPs
                                                              1. 3. Integrin binding
                                                                1. 4. Locomotion of tumor cells form emboli
                                                              2. Self sufficient growth signals
                                                                1. Oncogenes
                                                                  1. Growth factors
                                                                    1. PDGF
                                                                      1. Astrocytoma
                                                                    2. Growth factor receptor
                                                                      1. Her-2-neu
                                                                        1. Breast ca
                                                                        2. ret
                                                                          1. MEN medullary carcinoma thyroid
                                                                          2. kit
                                                                            1. GIST
                                                                          3. Signal transduction pathway
                                                                            1. abl
                                                                              1. CML
                                                                              2. braf
                                                                                1. Melanoma
                                                                                  1. Hairy cell leukemia
                                                                                  2. K-RAS
                                                                                    1. Colon carcinoma
                                                                                    2. H-RAS
                                                                                      1. Kidney cancer
                                                                                        1. Bladder cancer
                                                                                      2. Nuclear regulators
                                                                                        1. N-myc
                                                                                          1. Neuroblastoma
                                                                                          2. c-myc
                                                                                            1. Burkitt lymphoma
                                                                                            2. Cyclin D
                                                                                              1. Mantle cell lymphoma
                                                                                            3. Oncogene addiction
                                                                                              1. E.g. CML, Breast cancer, Burkitt lymphoma
                                                                                              2. Gain of function mutation
                                                                                            4. Ability to invade host immunity
                                                                                              1. 1. Reduced HLA-1
                                                                                                1. Increased TREGs
                                                                                              2. Nonlethal genetic damage
                                                                                                1. Oncogeneic viruses
                                                                                                  1. HBV/HCV
                                                                                                    1. HBx gene
                                                                                                    2. EBV
                                                                                                      1. Burkitt lymphoma
                                                                                                        1. LMP gene
                                                                                                        2. HHV-8
                                                                                                          1. Kaposi sarcoma
                                                                                                          2. HPV
                                                                                                            1. E7, E6
                                                                                                              1. Cervical cancer
                                                                                                            2. HTLV
                                                                                                              1. Adult Tcell leukemia
                                                                                                                1. Tax gene
                                                                                                              2. Clinical aspects of neoplasia
                                                                                                                1. Cancer cachexia
                                                                                                                  1. TNF-A
                                                                                                                  2. Grading and staging
                                                                                                                    1. Grading by Pathologists
                                                                                                                      1. TNM Staging by oncologists
                                                                                                                        1. Metastasis(M) CARRIES A BAD
                                                                                                                      2. Paraneoplastic syndromsa
                                                                                                                        1. Cushings syndrome
                                                                                                                          1. Small cell carcinoma
                                                                                                                            1. ACTH
                                                                                                                            2. SIADH
                                                                                                                              1. Small cell carcinoma
                                                                                                                                1. ADH
                                                                                                                                2. Hypercalcemia
                                                                                                                                  1. SCC lung
                                                                                                                                    1. PTH
                                                                                                                                    2. Myasthenia
                                                                                                                                      1. Thymoma
                                                                                                                                        1. Ab to postsynaptic ACH receptors
                                                                                                                                        2. Lambert-Eaton
                                                                                                                                          1. small cell lung cancer
                                                                                                                                            1. Ab to presynaptic Ca channels
                                                                                                                                          2. Dancing eye
                                                                                                                                            1. Neuroblastoma
                                                                                                                                            2. Migratory thrombophlebitis
                                                                                                                                              1. Pancreatic cancer
                                                                                                                                            3. Tumor markers
                                                                                                                                              1. CEA
                                                                                                                                                1. Colon cancer
                                                                                                                                                2. HCG
                                                                                                                                                  1. Choriocarcinoma
                                                                                                                                                  2. PSA
                                                                                                                                                    1. Prostate cancer
                                                                                                                                                    2. AFP
                                                                                                                                                      1. HCC , non seminomas
                                                                                                                                                      2. CA-125
                                                                                                                                                        1. Ovarian ca
                                                                                                                                                      3. Lab diagnosis of cancer
                                                                                                                                                        1. H&E
                                                                                                                                                          1. FNAC
                                                                                                                                                            1. IHC
                                                                                                                                                              1. Role of intermediate filaments
                                                                                                                                                                1. Cytokeratin
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Carcinoma
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Vimentin
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sarcoma
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Desmin
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Rhabdomyosarcoma
                                                                                                                                                                      2. S-100
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Melanoma
                                                                                                                                                                        2. GFAP
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Astrocytoma
                                                                                                                                                                      3. FISH
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Flowcytometry
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Frozen section
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