2079483
Description
Mind Map by megan langdon, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by megan langdon
almost 10 years ago
|
|
The nature of
memory: STM,
LTM & Duration
- Duration
- STM
- Doesn't last
very long
- Example
- Remembering 7
digit phone no
- Maintained
in STM via
repetition
- Fades when
convo starts
- Fades when
convo starts
- Maintained
in STM via
repetition
- Remembering 7
digit phone no
- Rehearsal
- Repetition to
keep
re-presenting
to STM
- Keeps
memory
active
- Result of
verbal
rehearsal
- STM held in
STM store and
eventually
become LT
- STM held in
STM store and
eventually
become LT
- Repetition to
keep
re-presenting
to STM
- Lloyd &
Margaret
Peterson
(1959)
- Landmark
study of
duration of
STM
- 24
Students
attending
uni
- Experimenter
says consonant
syllable
- Followed by
3-digit no (e.g.
WRT 303)
- Selected to
have no
meaning
- 'BBC'
meaningful
- 'BBC'
meaningful
- Immediately
after hearing
syllable & no
- Count backwards
in 3s /4s until told
to stop
- Interference
to stop
rehearsal
- Interference
to stop
rehearsal
- After - ppts
recall
nonsense
syllable
- Each ppt
given 2
practice
trials
- Each trial, retention
interval (time spent
counting backwards)
different - 3, 6, 9, 12,
15,& 18 secs
- Each trial, retention
interval (time spent
counting backwards)
different - 3, 6, 9, 12,
15,& 18 secs
- Each ppt
given 2
practice
trials
- Count backwards
in 3s /4s until told
to stop
- Followed by
3-digit no (e.g.
WRT 303)
- Ppts
remembered
about 90% - 3
sec interval
- 2%
remembered
- 18 sec
interval
- When rehearsal
prevented STM
lasts about 20
mins at most
- 2%
remembered
- 18 sec
interval
- Landmark
study of
duration of
STM
- Doesn't last
very long
- LTM
- 2 hours to
100 years
- Anything
that isn't
short term
- Some
are long
lasting
- Some
are long
lasting
- Anything
that isn't
short term
- Shepard
(1967)
- Showed ppts
612 memorable
pics, one at a
time
- Hour
later
- Shown some
of these pics
among others
- Almost
perfect
recognition
- Almost
perfect
recognition
- Shown some
of these pics
among others
- 4
months
later
- Still able to
recognise
50% of pics
- Still able to
recognise
50% of pics
- Hour
later
- Showed ppts
612 memorable
pics, one at a
time
- Bahrick et al
(1975)
- Ask people
of various
ages
- Put names to
faces from high
school year
book
- 48
years
later
- 75%
Accuracy
- 75%
Accuracy
- 48
years
later
- Put names to
faces from high
school year
book
- Ask people
of various
ages
- 2 hours to
100 years
- STM
- Evaluation
- Duration of
STM may be
shorter
- Peterson
& Peterson
- Findings
been
challenged
- Argue
- Ppts relying
on more than
STM alone
- Knew they
were going to
recall items
after interval
- Knew they
were going to
recall items
after interval
- Ppts relying
on more than
STM alone
- Argue
- Findings
been
challenged
- Other
research (e.g.
Marsh et al)
- Suggested - ppts
do not expect to
be tested after
this interval
- Forgetting
may occur
after just 2
secs
- Forgetting
may occur
after just 2
secs
- Suggests - our
understanding of
duration of STM may
not be as clear-cut as
once thought
- Suggested - ppts
do not expect to
be tested after
this interval
- Peterson
& Peterson
- Not quite so
STM
- More
recent
research
- Suggests -
duration of
STM
- Not as short as
Peterson &
Peterson study
suggests
- Not as short as
Peterson &
Peterson study
suggests
- Naime
et al
(1999)
- Found - items
could be recalled
after as long as
96 secs
- Seems, that
info remains
in STM
- Quite a while
unless other
material replaces /
overwrites it
- Quite a while
unless other
material replaces /
overwrites it
- Seems, that
info remains
in STM
- Ppts asked to
recall same
items actross
trials
- Other studies,
different items
used on each
trials
- Led to
interference
between items,
decreasing recall
- Led to
interference
between items,
decreasing recall
- Other studies,
different items
used on each
trials
- Found - items
could be recalled
after as long as
96 secs
- Suggests -
duration of
STM
- More
recent
research
- Validity
- Criticism of
Peterson &
Peterson
- Psychologists
only studying 1
kind of
memory
- For
syllables &
words
- Much of time
our memories
concerned w/
other things
- E.g what happened
last night, what my
children look like
- Times when
remembering
words
- E.g. Ordering drinks,
remembering
someones phone no
- E.g. Ordering drinks,
remembering
someones phone no
- E.g what happened
last night, what my
children look like
- For
syllables &
words
- Another
critism
- Peterson &
Peterson not
actually testing
duration
- When Ppts
counting
backwards
- Nonsense syllable
could've been
displaced in STM
- By nos, wiping
out memory for
syllables
- By nos, wiping
out memory for
syllables
- Nonsense syllable
could've been
displaced in STM
- When Ppts
counting
backwards
- Peterson &
Peterson not
actually testing
duration
- Psychologists
only studying 1
kind of
memory
- Criticism of
Peterson &
Peterson
- Duration of
STM may be
shorter
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