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2081481
Hitler's Foreign Policy and Appeasement
Description
AQA History unit 1 GCSE
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Mind Map by
Ilana Hawdon
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Created by
Ilana Hawdon
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Hitler's Foreign Policy and Appeasement
Hitler's aims
Make Germany a great nation again
Unite all German speakers
Create Lebensraum
Destroy communism
Create a master race
How could Hitler be successful in furthering his aims?
Change the land settlement of the treaty
Unite 7mill German speakers in Austria and 4mill in Czechoslovakia and Poland
Expand Eastwards
Build up the German army
He wanted to gain the friendship of Italy and Britain
How did he go about his early gains?
He began to rearm
Attended disarmament conference 1932
French refused to disarm
Hitler took Germany out of the League
USSR joined league in 1934, afraid of German expansion
Exploited Britain and France
10 yr non-aggression pact with Poland-1934
How did Hitler break TofV
Rearmament 1935
Hitler introduced conscription
Anglo-German naval agreement
German navy no more than 35% of Britain's
Britain agreed to German rearmament
Weakened Stresa Front
Agreement between Italy, Britain & France
By 1938 army-800,000 navy-47 U-boats air force-2000+ aircraft
By 1939 army was 1mill+
Re-occupation of Rhineland 1936
7th March Hitler put troops in Rhineland
This undermined TofV and Locarno pact of 1926
He told his troops to retreat if faced with opposition
Britain and France didn't stop him they only condemned the act
USSR voted to impose sanctions
They were worried about Abyssinia
France didn't want to act without Britain
Britain thought Hitler was only going into his 'backyard' and was doing nothing wrong
They thought the Treaty was too harsh anyway
Signed 25 yr non-aggression pact with France
Promised he had no further territorial demands in Europe
Effects of remiliterisation
Britain &France could have stopped Hitler
Britain wanted to sort out Germany's genuine grievances so there would be no more complaints
Hitler gained popularity & confidence to go further
Signed Rome-Berlin Axis 1936
Chance to test army in Spanish civil war 1936-39
Hitler gained Italy as an ally
Britain and France weren't willing to oppose these two leaders
Need for rearmament in Britain
Anschluss
1934
Attempted to join with Austria
Encouraged civil disobedience from Austrian Nazis
Resulted in murder of Austrian chancellor Dolfuss
Mussolini stopped Hitler by moving his army to the Austrian border
Hitler was too weak to fight back, retreated and started to build up his army
1938
Hitler was now allied with Mussolini
Encouraged Austrian Nazis to overthrow the government
Austrian chancellor asked for Hitler's help
He didn't help
He demanded that the Austrian Nazis become a part of the government
He forced Schuschnigg to appoint Seyss-Inquart as Minister of the interior
Hitler and Seyss-Inquart encouraged Austrian Nazis to riot
Schuschnigg ordered a plebiscite to decide whether Austria remained independent or not
Hitler told Schuschnigg to cancel it and resign
Britain and France did nothing
Seyss-Inquart became chancellor
German troops entered the country on 12th March
In April, 99.75% of Austrians agreed to unite with Germany.
Hitler used this as evidence that he was following the 14 points
Effects of Anschluss
Victory for Germany
Hitler gained land, army and money from coal and steel
Hitler's popularity and confidence grew
Germany surrounded the Sudetenland
Consequences of Hitler's violations of TofV
Britain and France were seen as weak
Aggressive powers ally with Hitler
Rome-Berlin Axis 1935
Hitler encouraged to take more risks and expand
Built forts around Rhineland
Smaller countries started to worry
Britain and appeasement
Policy adopted by Britain 1919-39
Closely tied to Neville Chamberlain 1937-39
He felt that the TofV was too harsh on Germany
Chamberlain knew there were risks but if Germany was satisfied, there would be no chance of war
Appeasement depended on:
Hitler's honesty and trustworthiness
How reasonable Hitler's demands were
Pros and cons of appeasement
Pros
War delayed
Gave time to prepare for war
Germany had 'genuine grievances'
They feared Communism more than Nazism and wanted to create a 'buffer zone' between themselves and Russia
They didn't have the support of the USA as the USA was isolated
Cons
Hitler wasn't trustworthy
Made Britain look weak
Hitler gained confidence and strength
Sudetenland crisis 1939
After the Anschluss, Hitler wanted to take over Czechoslovakia as there was 3mill German speakers (this was his excuse)
It was one of the strongest states created by TofV
It had strong fortifications
It was industrially rich
He was encouraged by the policy of appeasement
He had the guaranteed support of Mussolini
How did Hitler take over Czechoslovakia?
Konrad Henlein (leader of Sudeten Germans) helped Hitler by ordering Nazis to attack Czechs and Jews
Hitler hoped that the Nazis would have to step in to take control and promised Henlein he could depend on Hitler
Britain and France did nothing
15th September 1938 Chamberlain flew to Berchesgaden to find out what Hitler wanted
He demanded the German speaking parts of the Sudetenland after a plebiscite
Chamberlain forced Benes (the Czech President) to accept
Benes realised he couldn't depend on BR & FR
He thought he could depend on USSR
22nd September Chamberlain returned to Germany
Hitler, amazed that his demands had been met, asked for more
He wanted his requests met immediately with no plebiscite
Chamberlain returned to London and prepared for war
He then received an invitation to a 4 power Munich agreement
The 4 powers were:
Britain & Chamberlain
France & Daladier
Italy & Mussolini
Germany & Hitler
Czechoslovakia and USSR weren't invited
30th September 1938 Munich
Agreed that:
Sudetenland would become German
BR & FR would protect the rest of CZ
The Czechs were forced to accept
Hitler & Chamberlain met secretly to agree never to go to war with eachother
Consequences of Czechoslovakian takeover
Hitler was able to expand
Czechoslovakia had been betrayed
Peace maintained
Hitler gained confidence
Germany gained resources
Appeasement was a failure
Hitler allied with Japan and Italy to make the great Fascist union (Pact of Steel 1939)
USSR felt betrayed
What happened to Czechoslovakia
Lost 70% of it's heavy industry
Poland got the province of Teschen in October 1938
Lost entire defence frontier
Lost huge deposits of coal, iron ore and lignite
Lost 3.5mill Sudeten Germans
Effects of the takeover of Czechoslovakia
Marked the end of appeasement
Hitler proved he couldn't be trusted
Chamberlain felt betrayed
Lithuania was forced to surrender Memel
Hitler demanded the return of the port Danzig
BR & FR signed a guarantee to protect Poland if invaded
Mussolini conquered Albania
Conscription introduced in Britain
Signing of Pact of Steel
Hitler withdrew non aggression pact with Poland and Naval agreement with GB
Role of USSR
USSR could help Poland
Too far away from BR & FR
BR & FR tried to make agreement over Poland
Poles were scare of Soviets as much as the Nazis
Stalin aimed to make a pact with Hitler (Nazi-Soviet pact August 1939
The world was amazed as they were sworn enemies
Went against anti-commintern pact 1937
Why was the Nazi-Soviet pact signed?
Britain failed to gain alliance so Stalin resorted to Hitler
Stalin thought BR & FR were trying to encourage the allinace
Germany and Russia agreed not to interfere with each other in the event of war
Secret clauses also meant they would get half of Poland
Both countries had time to prepare for war
An attack on Poland was inevitable
Why did Russia change her attitude to Germany 1938-39
Britain and France were weak and Stalin knew they would be a poor ally
Hitler was moving further East and Stalin needed to stop him
Russia was militarily weak
Britain and France were too slow
Why did BR & FR change their attitude towards Germany 1938-39?
Hitler broke Munich agreement
Change in public opinion
Support of the white dominions (Australia, NZ, Canada)
Rearmament
Poland and the outbreak of war
Hitler demanded 90% of Danzig
Poland refused
Hitler was amazed
He expected BR & FR to give in again
BR told Hitler it would protect Poland
1st September Hitler invaded Poland
3rd September BR declared war on Germany
Germany and USSR overran Poland in 4 weeks
Why did war break out in 1939?
Actions of Hitler
Appeasement
TofV too harsh
Depression
Failure of LofN
Nazi-Soviet pact
Change in public opinion
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