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2105959
Bacteriophages
Description
Mind Map on Bacteriophages, created by zil22 on 23/02/2015.
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phages
Mind Map by
zil22
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
zil22
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Bacteriophages
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Generalized Transduction
Pathogenicity Islands
Lack of Phage DNA in capsid
Specialized Transduction
Adjacent Bacterial Genes in Phage
Phage Imparement
Phage Morons
Addition of Bacterial Genes to Phage Genome
Movement of Phage Genes
Lysogenic Converting Genes
Biotechnology Applications
Phage Therapy
Treat Bacterial Infections
Growth/Harvest
Isolation from Environmental Samples
Soil
Sewage
Feces
Water
Retail Foods
Safety
Host Range
Host Specificity
Genera
Immune Response
To enzymes?
Not in mice
USSR Research
Testing for residual phages
Sample contamination issues?
Administer in Food or Water
Pre-Biotic
Control of Salmonella in Chickens
If this works, why aren't we using it?
EPECs
Calves
Piglets
Lambs
E. coli O157:H7 Shedding
Beef Cattle
Tail Spike Proteins (Tsps)
Podoviridae P22 bacteriophage
Targets lipopolysaccharides
Salmonella Typhimurium in live chickens
Dysentery
Prevent Infection
Bacterial Detection
Bacterial Idenification
LAB
Phage Display
DNA/Protein Identification
Phage Wash Intervention
Live Animal Wash
Which pathogens are targetable
Phage Selection
How long of exposure is necessary?
High Phage Concentration
Overwhelm Pathogenic Cells During Primary Infection
Phage Resistance Not Relevant
Cell Lysis without Phage Replication
Membrane Electric Potential Disrupted
Cell Wall Degradation Enzymes
Low Phage Dose - Relying on Secondary Infection
Phage Replication and Subsequent Cell Lysis
Transmission to Neighboring Target Cells
Differences between object to be decontaminated
Enzybiotics
Hollin
Works with lysins to lyse cells from within
Export lysins through inner membrane to gain access to peptidoglycan layer
Bacteriocins
Peptidoglycan (murein) hydrolases
Annotations:
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00542/full
Lysin/Endolysin
Chimeolysins
Cell Wall Binding Domains (CBDs)
Catalytic Domains
Artificial lysins (artilysins)
Whole or partial lysin plus a peptide or protein
Gram positive and negative bacteria simultaneously
Gram negative bacteria may be less susceptible to lysins due to outer membrane differences?
Improved activity
Six categories
Lethal 'from without'
Digest cell walls
MDR gram positive baceria
Restriction enzymes not a problem?
Treatment of systematic infections
MRSA
E. faecium
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Is activity lost over time?
Removal of CBD
Retains specificity
Phages neutralized by sanitizers?
Do not affect normal microflora
Effective on mucosal surfaces
Phage Resistance
Restriction Enzymes
Delivery Vehichles
Gene Therapy
Vaccines
Antimicrobials?
Treat In-Plant Food Contact Surfaces
Enzymatic Targeting of Biofilms
Hydrolysis of exopolysaccharides
Bioactive Packaging
FDA Approved Food Additive to Prevent Lm Outgrowth Since 2006
FDA Approved Treatment of Meat and Chicken Parts
E. coli O157:H7
Ecology
Human Microbiome
Targeting "Good" Bacteria
Targeting "Bad" Bacteria
Normal Function
Prevalence in Organ Systems
Biofilm Genes
Aquatics
Water Quality Assay
Fecal Contamination
Sources of Phages
Phage Susceptibility
Crops?
Treat Pathogen Internalization?
Bacterial Disease
Coliphage T4
Life Cycle
Attachment
Adsoption
Cell Death: Phage Death
Abortive Infection
Cell Life: Phage Death
CRISPR/cas Systems
Restriction Endonucleases
Phage Resistance!
Cell Death: Phage Life
Lytic Infection
Cell Life: Phage Life
Temperate Phase
Lysogenic Infection
Gene Expression
Prophage Lamda
Antimicrobial Resistance
Is it possible to encode a gene sequence into a pathogen genome, through use of a phage, to impede virulence or enhance a desirable trait?
Insertion of lethal gene to kill cells without lysis
Prevent release of endotoxins in cells
Genes to increase sensitivity to antibiotics
Insert genes for bacteriocins into probiotic cells
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