210977
Description
Mind Map by shirley.ha, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by shirley.ha
about 11 years ago
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P-values, Generalisability, Study
Limits
- Summary
- tests of significance
- allow the researchers to formally test their null
hypothesis and to demonstrate the strength of that
evidence in any publication.
- In many cases, a research finding is not always
accepted from one published article based on a single
study.
- allow the researchers to formally test their null
hypothesis and to demonstrate the strength of that
evidence in any publication.
- many other researchers will retest the null
hypothesis
- using perhaps stronger or more powerful studies in order
to improve the level of evidence
- until there are a number of published articles from various types
of studies before clinicians will change their practices and adopt
the findings from the published research. This
- until there are a number of published articles from various types
of studies before clinicians will change their practices and adopt
the findings from the published research. This
- using perhaps stronger or more powerful studies in order
to improve the level of evidence
- important that researchers
published fully transparent results
from their research.
- Subsequent researchers will re-test
the null hypothesis using the earlier
studies to improve their own
research into the same health
problem.
- Subsequent researchers will re-test
the null hypothesis using the earlier
studies to improve their own
research into the same health
problem.
- tests of significance
- Generalisability
- is the extent to which research findings and
conclusions from a study conducted on a sample
population can be applied to the population at large.
- The first step to check generalisability is to ensure that the result was statistically significant
- The first step to check generalisability is to ensure that the result was statistically significant
- aka The first step to check
generalisability is to ensure that the
result was statistically significant
- Study validity
- the degree to which an inference from a scientific
study is warranted,
- taking into the account the strengths and
weaknesses of the study design.
- the degree to which an inference from a scientific
study is warranted,
- Internal validity
- the degree to which observations taken during the
study may be attributed solely to the hypothesized
effect that is being studied
- the degree to which observations taken during the
study may be attributed solely to the hypothesized
effect that is being studied
- External validity
- is the extent to which the finding of a study
can be generalised from the results from
the sample being studied, to the population
from which the sample was taken.
- is the extent to which the finding of a study
can be generalised from the results from
the sample being studied, to the population
from which the sample was taken.
- is the extent to which research findings and
conclusions from a study conducted on a sample
population can be applied to the population at large.
- Important note
- The results of any study may not be generalisable to all patients outside the study setting
- example, when researchers conduct an RCT, they usually
address the question of whether a treatment can work (efficacy)
but may not tell us about whether the treatment will be effective
when offered to the broad range of patients seen in day-to-day
clinical practice.
- example, when researchers conduct an RCT, they usually
address the question of whether a treatment can work (efficacy)
but may not tell us about whether the treatment will be effective
when offered to the broad range of patients seen in day-to-day
clinical practice.
- The results of any study may not be generalisable to all patients outside the study setting
- Study Limitations
- The researchers should always point out the shortcomings of
the study, especially those that affect the conclusions drawn
- then "defend" the results and conclusions drawn in light of these limitations.
- You need to assess whether or not these limitations damage the overall nature of study findings?
- limitations
- might relate to the overall study
design, the response rate, the
characteristics of the sample
etc.
- The limitations might affect the
degree to which the results can
really be generalised to the
target populations from which
the study sample was drawn.
- The limitations might affect the
degree to which the results can
really be generalised to the
target populations from which
the study sample was drawn.
- might relate to the overall study
design, the response rate, the
characteristics of the sample
etc.
- limitations
- You need to assess whether or not these limitations damage the overall nature of study findings?
- then "defend" the results and conclusions drawn in light of these limitations.
- The researchers should always point out the shortcomings of
the study, especially those that affect the conclusions drawn
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