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Abnormalities of teeth (check RCS)

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First Year Dentistry Mind Map on Abnormalities of teeth (check RCS), created by sanna pathy on 08/03/2020.
sanna pathy
Mind Map by sanna pathy, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Zainab Patel
Created by Zainab Patel almost 5 years ago
sanna pathy
Copied by sanna pathy over 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Abnormalities of teeth (check RCS)
  1. Hypodontia
    1. Conditions associated
      1. Ectodermal Dysplasia
        1. Presentation
          1. Sparse hair
            1. Inability to sweat
              1. Anodontia/hypodontia
                1. Cone shaped tooth
                  1. Bat ears
                    1. Xerostomia
                      1. Respiratory infections
                      2. X-linked recessive
                      3. Down's syndrome
                        1. Fissured tongue
                          1. Macroglossia
                          2. Cleft lip & palate
                            1. Crouzon's syndrome
                              1. OFD syndrome
                              2. Prevalence
                                1. Females
                                  1. Primary
                                    1. 0.1%
                                    2. Permanent
                                      1. 3.5-6.5%
                                      2. L8s > L5s > U2s > U5s > L1s
                                      3. Management
                                        1. E.g. missing UR lateral incisor
                                          1. Do nothing
                                            1. Maintain deciduous teeth
                                              1. Classic is maintaining an E for a missing 5
                                                1. Maintains bone
                                              2. Refer
                                                1. Around 10
                                                2. Ortho
                                                  1. Create space
                                                    1. Need 6.5mm of space for implants
                                                      1. Class III
                                                      2. close space
                                                        1. Class II
                                                      3. Maintain space
                                                        1. RBB
                                                          1. Removable or fixed appliance
                                                          2. Implants or definitive restorations at 18yrs
                                                          3. Treatment aims
                                                            1. Restore form, function & aesthetics
                                                              1. Maintain space & OVD
                                                            2. Features
                                                              1. Unerupted successor
                                                                1. Microdontia
                                                                  1. Retained primary tooth
                                                                    1. Infraoccluded
                                                                    2. Lack of occlusal contacts
                                                                      1. Tooth wear
                                                                        1. Over-eruption
                                                                    3. Supernumary
                                                                      1. Prevelance
                                                                        1. Primary
                                                                          1. 0.2-0.8%
                                                                          2. Permenant
                                                                            1. 1.5-3.5%
                                                                            2. Males, premaxilla
                                                                            3. Conditions associated
                                                                              1. Cleidocranial dysplasia
                                                                                1. Signs & Symptoms
                                                                                  1. Absent clavicles
                                                                                    1. High palate
                                                                                      1. Delayed exfoliation/eruption
                                                                                        1. Supernumary
                                                                                          1. Hypercementosis
                                                                                            1. RUNX2 gene mutation
                                                                                          2. Downs Sydrome
                                                                                            1. Gardner's syndrome
                                                                                            2. Types
                                                                                              1. Supplementary = normal shape
                                                                                                1. Paramolar
                                                                                                  1. Distomolar
                                                                                                  2. Accessory = abnormal shape
                                                                                                    1. Mesiodens
                                                                                                      1. Most common
                                                                                                  3. Treatment
                                                                                                    1. Extract
                                                                                                      1. Unerupted & impeding eruption
                                                                                                        1. If permanent tooth still no erupted at 6m -> take radiograph
                                                                                                          1. If no movement seen on radiograph
                                                                                                            1. May need surgical exposure of permanent teeth to allow eruption
                                                                                                          2. Can take 18-24m for permanent teeth to erupt
                                                                                                          3. Erupted
                                                                                                            1. Wait a year before referring to ortho
                                                                                                              1. Invaginate teeth have a strong association with supernumeraries
                                                                                                          4. Just leave it
                                                                                                            1. If no pathology
                                                                                                              1. Unerupted & not impeding eruption of other teeth
                                                                                                                1. Risks
                                                                                                                  1. Cyst
                                                                                                                    1. Resorption of adjacent roots
                                                                                                                      1. Ectopic eruption
                                                                                                                  2. Effects
                                                                                                                    1. Eruption & crowding
                                                                                                                      1. Displacement of permanent tooth
                                                                                                                        1. Impeded eruption of normal teeth
                                                                                                                      2. Double teeth
                                                                                                                        1. Cause
                                                                                                                          1. Fusion
                                                                                                                            1. Gemination
                                                                                                                            2. 2 teeth attached at the root by cementum
                                                                                                                              1. Concrescence
                                                                                                                            3. Taurodontism
                                                                                                                              1. Failure of HERS to invaginate properly
                                                                                                                                1. Enlarged pulp chamber
                                                                                                                                  1. Short roots
                                                                                                                                  2. Associated
                                                                                                                                    1. Type 4 hypoplastic Amelogenesis imperfecta
                                                                                                                                  3. Abnormalities of enamel structure
                                                                                                                                    1. Local Causes
                                                                                                                                      1. Trauma
                                                                                                                                        1. Intrusion or lateral luxation of primary tooth
                                                                                                                                        2. Infection
                                                                                                                                          1. Turner tooth
                                                                                                                                          2. Idiopathic
                                                                                                                                          3. Genetic Causes
                                                                                                                                            1. Amelogenesis Imperfecta
                                                                                                                                              1. Types
                                                                                                                                                1. Hypoplastic
                                                                                                                                                  1. Thin, pitted, grooved enamel
                                                                                                                                                    1. Abnormal on eruption
                                                                                                                                                      1. Insufficient amount
                                                                                                                                                      2. Most severe
                                                                                                                                                        1. Very sensitive
                                                                                                                                                          1. Brown
                                                                                                                                                            1. Tissue breakdown
                                                                                                                                                            2. Hypomatured
                                                                                                                                                              1. Snow capped teeth
                                                                                                                                                                1. Cant tell apart from fluorosis, send to lab
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Incisal and occlusal surfaces
                                                                                                                                                                    1. White
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Hypocalcified
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Enamel is normal but is soft & chalky
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Dull, opaque teeth bilaterally
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Post-eruptive breakdown
                                                                                                                                                                  3. Systemic Causes
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Infection
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Syphilis
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hutchinson's incisors
                                                                                                                                                                          1. T-Palladium
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mullbery molars
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Rubella
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Can cause chronological hypoplasia
                                                                                                                                                                            3. Excessive Fluoride
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Fluorosis
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Most suceptible
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. < 6 years
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Paper white enamel opacities
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Can be brown if very severe
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Advantage
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Less susceptible to decay
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Usually permanent dentition
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Nutritional Disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Chemotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pre-mature birth, Neonatal illness
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. MIH
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Tetracycline
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Abnormalities in dentine structure
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Causes
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Local
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Trauma
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Turner tooth
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Environmental
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Rickets
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Failure of calcification due to lack of Vit D
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Tetracycline
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hypophosphatasia
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Hypoparathyroidism
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Genetic
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Type 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Osteogenesis imperfecta
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Bue Sclera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Defect in type I collagen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Type II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Teeth only
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Shell teeth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Maintain OVD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Restore function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Improve aesthetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Dentinal Dysplasia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Type I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rootless teeth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pulp obliteration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Type II
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. DIFFERENT to regional odontodysplasia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Ghost teeth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Large pulp chambers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Upper anteriors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Hypercementosis/ Ankylosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Causes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Paget's
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Non-vital tooth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Syndromes associated with hypocementosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cleidocranial Dysplasia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Hypophosphatasia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Reduced ALP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hypoplastic cementum causing early loss of cementum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Also get rickets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. 20% of PDL loss will cause ankylosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Delayed eruption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Causes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Local
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Retention of deciduous teeth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Eruption/dentigerous cyst
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lack of space
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hypodontia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Abnormal crypt position
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Odontome
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Dilaceration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Generalised
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cleidocranial dysplasia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Down's syndrome
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hypothyroidism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cretinism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Rickets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Anomalies of tooth position
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ectopic canines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Remove obstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Encourage development into good position
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. If too displaced may consider extraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Absent U3 0.3%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Absent L3 0.15%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Associated with hypodontia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Palpate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. 9 years
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Impacted teeth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Most common
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. 8's > U3 > L4> L5> Supernumeries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Incidence of impacted canines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. 2%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. 15% buccal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. 85% palatal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Leave
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Remove
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Wary of vital structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mental& lingual N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Upper
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Greater palatine N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Nasopalatine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Less important
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Expose
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Transplant
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