Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Atoms
1. All substances are made from atoms
  1. They're really small
2. Nucleus
  1. In the middle of an atom
  2. Contains proton and neutrons
  3. Positive charge because of protons
  4. Whole mass of atoms concentrated in nucleus
3. Electrons
  1. Move around the nucleus in electron shells
  2. Negatively charged.
  3. No mass
4. Neutral - have no charge overall
  1. Same number of electrons and protons
  2. Charge of proton and electron cancel each other out
Elements
1. A substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus
2. Atoms can have different number of protons, neutrons and electrons. Its the number of protons which decides the kind of atom it is.
3. Atoms of each element can be written by a letter or two
4. Isotopes
  1. Have different number neutrons
  2. Different forms of the same element
  3. Same atomic number, different mass number
Compounds
1. Elements react together and the atoms form a compound
2. Substances formed from two or more elements
  1. Atoms are in fixed proportions throughout the compound - held together by chemical bonds
3. Making bonds involves atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons
4. Compound consisting of metal and non-metal
  1. Metal atom loses electrons to form positive ions
  2. Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form positive ions
  3. Opposite charges of ions means they are strongly attracted to each other - ionic bonding
5. A compound made from non-metals consists of molecules
  1. Each atoms shares an electron with another atom - this is covalent bonding

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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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