middle class struggle with
wages .... milan strikes
weak gov's
wiemar
republic and
italian
economic
problems >
yearned for
leader
"chauvenistic " but nationalism
roman empire speeches " ressurection of the empire"
third reich
magnetism / drawing
power photos hitler
beside
hindenburg...respect ,
mussolini cub ...
strength power
Communism
revolts berlin vienna budapest
1917
revolutions
bolsheviks
church
support anti
communist
..marxist form
of socialism
wealthy class support merchants
bankers land owners agnelli -fiat ,
peroni -army ..germ n industrialist
thyssen + kirdorf
fascism = perceived barrier
scapegoats...
concentration
camps
..communists
and
socialists
violence
great fear ...defence min noske
...harshly put down spartacist rising
1919 and red ruhr army march
1920???? LENIENT
PROPAGANDA
DISTORTION OF TRUTH ... to influence public opinion
"constantly repeating .. imprinting an idea onto the memory" hitler
education... contorion of past
" to awaken pride in
their membership of the
german race" reich minister of education , dr. rust
Goebbels ..master in
the art of
mirepresentation
...starace secretary of
fascist pty..pportrayed
as spirit of fascism ,
sportsman .office
light=> tilreless worker
for italy
mussolini - journalism
cencorship ... books burnt ,
newspapers closed down if
not promoting fascism
public seduced + intoxicated = key element in rise
Consolidation
of power
-electoral law
'23 &
enabling act
'33
for. policy ..muss .. to gain territory &
status " nation hungry for land"
bendong the truth ..eu
powers tricked ..lack of
inds resources
acerbo law- pty avec most votes 2/3
seats ...passed in ending political instability
1924 ..65% fascist
party ..vote through
threats and violoence
23 march '33 ..full power for 4yr ...
full scale policy of bullying and fear
end of weimAR
republic =>
totalitarian ...no
opposition tolerated