Exercise Physiology

1. ATP-PC system
2. Lactic Acid system
3. Aerobic system
   1. Glycogen
      1. Glucose
         1. Pyruvic Acid
            1. Lactic Acid
            2. Acetyl coA
               1. Citric Acid
                  1. Kreb's Cycle

                     Annotations:

                     • Fueled by fats and proteins. Produces H+ ions, electrons, CO2, and 2ATP
                     1. Electron Transport System

                        Annotations:

                        • Uses potential energy from H+ ions and electrons to produce up to 32 ATP. Uses Oxygen to produce water.

1. Causes
   1. Impact
   2. Accident
   3. Playing surface
   4. Repetitive strain
   5. Excess movement joint strain
2. Prevention
   1. Warm up
   2. Protective clothing
   3. Stretching
      1. Static
         1. Passive
         2. Active
         3. PNF
      2. Dynamic
         1. Ballistic
   4. Conditioning neuromuscular system
   5. Specific training
   6. Footwear
3. Overtraining
   1. Muscular fatigue
   2. Increased injury risk
   3. Symptoms:

      Annotations:

      • Loss of appetite. Loss of motivation. Depression. Irritability and restlessness. Sleep disturbance.
   4. Children

Annotations:

• Depletion of energy stores in muscle.

1. Muscle fatigue

   Annotations:

   • Reduction of muscular performance.  Inability to maintain expected power output.
2. Depletion of energy stores

   Annotations:

   • Depletion of PC and muscle and liver glycogen stored are one of the main contributors of muscular fatigue. 
3. Metabolic accumulation

   Annotations:

   • Accumulation of lactic acid and CO2 in muscle cells causes extreme fatigue and complete loss of muscle function.  During intense exercise lasting 7-45 seconds.
4. Body fluid balance and dehydration

   Annotations:

   • fluid loss reduces plasma volume, which result in a decreased blood pressure. This in turn reduces blood flow to the muscles, and means the heart has to work harder. Body temperature then rises and fatigue occurs.

1. EPOC
   1. Replacement of ATP and PC stores
   2. Removal of lactic acid
   3. Replenishment of myoglobin
   4. Replacement of glycogen
   5. Lactacid component
   6. Alactacid component
      1. Conversion of ADP back to PC and ATP
      2. Phosphagen Recovery