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Experiment
- Examples
- Laboratory experiment
- Bandura
- Loftus and
Palmer
- Dement and
Kleitman
- Bandura
- Field experiment
- Piliavin
- Piliavin
- Quasi experiment
- Griffiths
- Baron Cohen
- Griffiths
- Laboratory experiment
- Laboratory experiment
- IV is manipulated
- e.g. Bandura IV =
multiple conditions
- e.g. Bandura IV =
multiple conditions
- Controlled and often
artificial
- Advantages
- High level of controls
- Extraneous variables are
minimised
- Changes in the DV are of
a result of the IV
- Extraneous variables are
minimised
- High level of controls
- Disadvantages
- Ecological validity
- People not behaving
naturally
- People not behaving
naturally
- Artificial environment
- Low internal validity
- Low internal validity
- Demand characteristics
- The effect of the IV is not what is
being measured
- Invalid results
- Invalid results
- The effect of the IV is not what is
being measured
- Ecological validity
- IV is manipulated
- Field experiment
- Everyday
environment
- Advantages
- High external validity
- People's natural behaviour
- No demand characteristics
- No demand characteristics
- People's natural behaviour
- Manipulation of
the IV
- Can measure the effect of
one variable to another
- Can measure the effect of
one variable to another
- High external validity
- Disadvantages
- Can't always control
the extraneous
variables
- Affect IV and DV
- Affect IV and DV
- Not replicable
- Difficult to check reliability
- Difficult to check reliability
- No informed
consent
- Participants may
be deceived
- Can't always control
the extraneous
variables
- Everyday
environment
- Quasi experiment
- IV is naturally occuring,
not manipulated
- Naturally
occuring variables
- Gender
- Age
- Occupation
- Gender
- Participants are not randomly
allocated into conditions
- Naturally
occuring variables
- Setting:
laboratory/field
- Advantages
- Study the effects of IVs that may be
unethical to measure
- No demand
characteristics
- High internal validity
- High internal validity
- Study the effects of IVs that may be
unethical to measure
- Disadvantages
- Participants cannot be randomly allocated
- Other effects apart from the IV
can affect the DV
- Confounding variables
- Low internal validity
- Low internal validity
- Confounding variables
- Not replicable
- Difficult to check reliability
- Difficult to check reliability
- Participants cannot be randomly allocated
- IV is naturally occuring,
not manipulated
- Ethics
- Laboratory experiment
- Deception
- May be reluctant to do
things unnatural
- Deception
- Field experiment
- No informed consent
- Difficult to withdraw
- No informed consent
- Quasi experiment
- Lack of confidentiality
- Sample lack identity
- Sample lack identity
- Ethical issues
- Social variables
- Social variables
- Lack of confidentiality
- Laboratory experiment
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