GCSE law Consumer Contract B144

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work in progress consumer protection law for GCSE law
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Resource summary

GCSE law Consumer Contract B144
  1. Contract law
    1. Basic elements of a contract
      1. legal intent
        1. assumptions

          Annotations:

          • Assumed that domestic arrangements will not be legally binding and COMMERCIAL arrangements will be legally binding
        2. Consideration
          1. Exchange of value
          2. Agreement
            1. Acceptance

              Annotations:

              • must be made in good time Montfiore v Ramsgate Hotel. 
              1. Offer

                Annotations:

                • Must not have a problem with multiple acceptance or will be invitation to treat.  Carlil v Carbolic SmokeBall Co - because the advert restricted the number of acceptances 
                1. Not an invitation to treat

                  Annotations:

                  • Fisher v Bell - goods in shop window Partridge v Crittenden - advert in a magazine  
            2. Implied terms
              1. Sale of Goods Act
                1. Satisfactory Quality
                  1. Safety
                    1. Durability
                    2. As described
                      1. Fit for Purpose
                        1. Remedies

                          Annotations:

                          • Replacement Repair Refund 
                        2. Supply of Goods and Services
                          1. reasonable care and skill
                            1. reasonable price if not agreed in advance
                              1. Reasonable timescale
                                1. Remedies

                                  Annotations:

                                  • Partial refund if you have had some benefit from the service Should give the contractor a chance to correct the work 
                                2. Evaluation

                                  Annotations:

                                  • Customers can get the price of their faulty goods refunded.  No need to have a written contract of sale for this - terms are implied in EVERY CONTRACT The rules will encourage businesses to make their products safe and durable. Goods must be as described - encourages fair promotion and advertising.  
                                3. Terms of the contract
                                  1. mere representations

                                    Annotations:

                                    • words used in negotiation which do not form part of the contract
                                    1. Warranties

                                      Annotations:

                                      • minor terms if breached, the consumer gets compensation but the rest of the contract can still operate.
                                      1. conditions

                                        Annotations:

                                        • absolute terms. if a condition is breached the whole contrcat will fail
                                        1. misrepresentation

                                          Annotations:

                                          • ' information' given during negotiation Induced you into signing the contract and was false Will void the contract "spice girls v aprilla" 
                                      2. Negligence Law
                                        1. basic elements of negligence
                                          1. Duty of care
                                            1. Donoghue v Stevenson

                                              Annotations:

                                              • snail in ginger beer   Case created a duty of care between manufacturers and their suppliers  
                                              1. foresight
                                                1. the D can foresee that C will be affected
                                                2. proximity

                                                  Annotations:

                                                  • there is some kind of connection between claimant and defendant eg - teacher-student Driver- other road user Manufacturer - consumer 
                                                  1. foresiight

                                                    Annotations:

                                                    • means the defendant could have foreseen the damage
                                                  2. fair just and reasonable

                                                    Annotations:

                                                    • it is fair and reasonable to impose a duty of care on the defendant
                                                3. Breach of duty

                                                  Annotations:

                                                  • did the defendant act as a 'reasonable person'? Experts judged against standards of reasonable experts EG doctor should act like a reasonably skilled doctor  
                                                  1. Foreseeable damage

                                                    Annotations:

                                                    • should the defendant have been able to predict the sort of damage that has arisen?
                                                    1. possible defendants

                                                      Annotations:

                                                      • manufacturers suppliers repairers wholesalers assemblers retailers
                                                      1. EVALUATION

                                                        Annotations:

                                                        • hard for consumers to find out and PROVE IN COURT who is responsible for a defective product. hard to know who is liable Hard to know how the defect was caused - prove a breach. 
                                                      2. Product liability law
                                                        1. Consumer Protection Act 1987

                                                          Annotations:

                                                          • the law which brings the EU directive into UK law
                                                          1. Strict Liability

                                                            Annotations:

                                                            • means claimant does not need to show HOW the product defect was caused.
                                                            1. Consumer can claim from any part of the supply chain

                                                              Annotations:

                                                              • producer eg - manufacturer, supplier, retailer, assembler, repairer,  wholesaler importer own-brander - someone who puts their own brand on a product made by someone else. 
                                                            2. What can be claimed for?

                                                              Annotations:

                                                              • Death Injury damage to PERSONAL property amount must be OVER £275  
                                                              1. restrictions

                                                                Annotations:

                                                                • where customer has not used the product properly where customer has not followed warnings and instruction there will be NO LIABILITY 
                                                                1. EVALUATION

                                                                  Annotations:

                                                                  • All EU goods covered so can buy goods from anywhere with confidence.  Should promote vigilance amongst producers and improve products No need to show HOW breech occurred - easier for consumers   Can hold ANY PARTY  in the supply chain liable. Negatives.. Only personal property - can't claim for business damage. Only property OVER £275. leaves a lot of small claims with no remedy.   Too many defences makes claiming difficult.   
                                                                  1. what products are covered?

                                                                    Annotations:

                                                                    • everything EXCEPT nuclear power buildings UNPROCESSED raw materials 
                                                                    1. defences

                                                                      Annotations:

                                                                      • the damage arises because the product meets a regulation requirement The defect did not exist when the D had the product The defect could not have been reasonable known about The product was not sold in the course of business. 
                                                                    2. EU product safety directive
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