Networks and Trade

Archaic and Classical
1. Modernist Economy
  1. Essentially modern
2. Primitivist Economy
  1. Embedded, no distinct sphere
3. Trade- economic sphere, professional, profit
4. Exchange- embedded, market-based, redistribution
5. Commodities
  1. slaves
  2. wine/grain/oil
  3. nuts/olives/fish
  4. timber and stone
  5. metals and ores
  6. textiles and hides
  7. perfumes and cosmetics
  8. Pottery
    1. Positivist fallacy- how much survives does not equate to how important it was in the past
    2. Used as cheaper alternative to metalwork?
East Med
1. Egypt
  1. Gains much tribute at greatest extent, C15BCE, from vassal kingdoms
  2. Egyptian material found in Cyprus (via the Levant?)
  3. Amarna Letters- 382 letters between Egypt and the Levant concerning trade
2. Mycenae
  1. Pictures of Myceneans on Egyptian tombs?
  2. Mycenean pottery found throughout the Mediterranean
3. Wrecks
  1. Point Iria, 1200BCE
    1. Cypriot, Cretan and Mycenean cargo- indicated regularity
  2. Cape Gelidonya 1200BCE
    1. Cypriotic metalworking tools and ingots, along with personal possessions
  3. Ulu Burun C14BCE
    1. Royal cargo? Raw materials, 354 copper ingots, luxury items (eg: pomegranate for perfumes), perhaps referred to in Amarna letters
Roman
1. Problems of preservation
2. Grain, Annona comes into ports at Ostia and Iulius
3. Slaves C2 taken as war booty, Epirus sees 150,000/day, by C1 there are 2-3 mill in Itlay
4. Elite benefit as villas create trade items
  1. Entitled to more food surplus and can produce more
5. Taxes benefit all
  1. 5% for provinces
  2. 25% for elsewhere
6. Ships
  1. Merchant 100/500tons
  2. Grain 1000tons and size and durability for open seas
  3. Wrecks
    1. Amphora and Marble better preserved
    2. Locations limited to diving spots
    3. Albegna 100BCE
      1. 10,000 amphora
        260,000l wine
        value over one million
      2. 40m in length
    4. Madrague de Giens 60-50BCE
      1. 1635 fine and coarseware
      2. amphora of standard size, stamped with estate owners seal
      3. capacity 5800-7800
    5. Tektas Burnu C5BCE
      1. 200 wine amphora
      2. 10 mendean
        9 full of pitch
        1 of butchered cow bones- cargo or crew?
      3. Large cups used for measuring?
    6. Pabuc Burnu C6BCE
      1. 250-275 amphora
        wine and oil suggested by seeds and pits
      2. 6 hull planks remain
        comes at point of transition
        larger, sturdier ships
        longer journeys and worse weather
        less but more specialised maintenance
        more formalised trade networks? professionalism
      3. local amphora means local trade
      4. non-standard amphora suggests different measuring methods
        mortaria found on board?
        takes time but builds trust

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Networks and Trade

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	Created by Gabrielle F over 9 years ago