Russian Empire vs. Britain,
France and Ottoman
Empire
Britain got involved in 1854
Causes
Religious
Russians and Ottomans argued who
had control over churches
Territory
Ottoman Empire was weakening
Russian Empire wanted to expand
Britain and France prevent Russian Empire expanding
Reporters
William Russell
Attacked army hierarchy
Highlighted medical facilities and
poor living conditions
'The Times' created a charity
Who he worked for
Didn't witness all his descriptions
Roger Fenton
Instructed to tale no photos of the dead
Many of his photos were staged as he couldn't take moving images
Impact of WR+RF
Public were concerned
Created pressure for army reform
Created a political crisis
Events of the war
Thin Red Line
Russian soldiers advanced to British line.
British organised in 2 lines which
prevented the Russians to attack.
Remembered as the symbol for
determination and heroism
Charge of the Light Brigade
Lord Raglan issued a poorly explained order to Lord
Lucan to charge at the guns. The orders were vague
and Captain Nolan who delivered the message didn't
clarify the orcer properly to Lucan. Lucan pressed the
charge and sent the Light Brigade down the wring
valley
661 set off, 113 killed, 134 wounded, 45 prisoners
Eyewitness account - Russell showed an army leadership error
Tennyson's poem reinforced the
bravery and heroism of the soldiers
Medical + nursing
Medical
Inadequate, only 4
assistance per 100 soldiers
Medical supplies were
inefficient and lacked
washing facilities
Disease
Typhus, typhoid, dysentery
and cholera
Florence Nightingale
Collected information
and analysed mortality
rates
= improvement for water supply,
organisation and food
Acted independently
Turned into iconic figure
20th century her
reputation was challenged
Mary Seacole
Created a British hotel
Had some medical knowledge +
experience on battlefield
Disorganisation
Problems with supply + transport
Medical supplies at Scutari were inadequate
Shortage of wagons = couldn't transport wounded
Inadequate housing + clothing
Supplies that reached did reach Crimean wasn't distributed efficiently
Leadership
Officers were promoted through commission and not emrit
Roles
LORD CARDIGAN, initially
pereived as hero, but accused
of deserting the Light Brigade
too early
LORD LUCAN, received most blame for COLB,
implementing an order he knew would fail
LORD RAGLAN, responsible for many problems of leadership and organisation