2821668
Description
Mind Map by Judy Thomas, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Judy Thomas
almost 10 years ago
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Nervous System Disorders
- Trauma
- Pattern of injury
(e.g.coup/contrecoup), signs &
symptoms depend on region
and between which meninges
- Bleeding/swelling may increase
intracranial pressure (if brainstem
damaged/coning - coma)
- Concussion
(brief LOC, full
recovery)
- Contusion (bruising,
full recovery may not
occur)
- Laceration (tear of
axons & blood
vessels)
- Signs of
increased
intracranial
pressure?
- Concussion
(brief LOC, full
recovery)
- Bleeding/swelling may increase
intracranial pressure (if brainstem
damaged/coning - coma)
- Pattern of injury
(e.g.coup/contrecoup), signs &
symptoms depend on region
and between which meninges
- Degeneration
- Alzheimer's
- Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in
hippocampus, amygdala, frontal lobe
- Pathophys: plaques & tangles
- Affects: Memory, reasoning, personality, ADL
- Affects: Memory, reasoning, personality, ADL
- Pathophys: plaques & tangles
- Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in
hippocampus, amygdala, frontal lobe
- Parkinson's
- Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in
substantia nigra
- Pathophys? Lewy bodies?
- Affects basal ganglia function: Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia etc.
- Affects basal ganglia function: Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia etc.
- Pathophys? Lewy bodies?
- Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in
substantia nigra
- Alzheimer's
- Environmental/Chemical Insult
- Lead poisoning
- Kernicterus
- Elevated unconjugated
bilirubin crosses BBB
- Premature babies have
immature liver & BBB
- Brain toxicity
- Brain toxicity
- Premature babies have
immature liver & BBB
- Elevated unconjugated
bilirubin crosses BBB
- Lead poisoning
- Genetic
- Huntington's
- Autosomal dominant
- Loss of basal ganglia neurons
- Choreiform movements, later cognition
(presents 20-50y)
- Choreiform movements, later cognition
(presents 20-50y)
- Loss of basal ganglia neurons
- Autosomal dominant
- Huntington's
- Auto-Immune
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Progressive demyelination
- Affects: motor, sensory, visual, cognitive
- Affects: motor, sensory, visual, cognitive
- Progressive demyelination
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Altered
neurotransmitter activity
- Unipolar depression
- Causes: biological,
psychological, social,
neurotransmitter
- Low serotonin/adrenaline activity?
- Low serotonin/adrenaline activity?
- Causes: biological,
psychological, social,
neurotransmitter
- Bipolar
- Cycling of
depression then
mania
- Dopamine or glutamate
dysfunction?
- Dopamine or glutamate
dysfunction?
- Cycling of
depression then
mania
- Schizophrenia
- Psychosis - positive &
negative symptoms
- Dopamine dysfunction mesolimbic &
mesocortical paths
- Dopamine dysfunction mesolimbic &
mesocortical paths
- Psychosis - positive &
negative symptoms
- Epilepsy
- Types: tonic/clonic, petit mal,
temporal lobe
- Uncontrolled firing of group of neurons
- Due to hypersensitivity of neurons/low GABA?
- Due to hypersensitivity of neurons/low GABA?
- Uncontrolled firing of group of neurons
- Types: tonic/clonic, petit mal,
temporal lobe
- Unipolar depression
- Cerebrovascular accident
- Ischemic stroke
- Interruption in blood supply (e.g. thrombus,
embolus, air, tumour), most strokes
- underlying cause often atherosclerotic disease, so same risk factors
- Signs - depend
on area of brain
affected
- Signs - depend
on area of brain
affected
- underlying cause often atherosclerotic disease, so same risk factors
- Interruption in blood supply (e.g. thrombus,
embolus, air, tumour), most strokes
- Haemorrhagic stroke
- Bleeding in the brain or between meninges
- underlying cause may be trauma, aneurysm or tumor
- Signs & symptoms same as
ischemic but also signs of
increased intracranial pressure
- Aneurysm
- abnormal dilation and
weakening of blood
vessel wall
- Cause? Atheroma, high BP, genetic
- Cause? Atheroma, high BP, genetic
- abnormal dilation and
weakening of blood
vessel wall
- Signs & symptoms same as
ischemic but also signs of
increased intracranial pressure
- underlying cause may be trauma, aneurysm or tumor
- Bleeding in the brain or between meninges
- Ischemic stroke
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