The Three Approaches To An Argument

The Classical Approach
1. 1-Introduction
  1. Get peoples attention
  2. I at least want them to hear me out
2. 2-Statement of fact
  1. Talk about the issue
  2. Give your knowledge of the situation
3. 4-Proposition
  1. Propose your solution
  2. Show evidence that supports your case
4. 3-Refutation
  1. Summarize your apponent's arggument
  2. Point out flaw's
5. 5-Substantiation and Proof
  1. Make your own case using ethos, pathos and logos
  2. Use good evidence
6. 6-Conclusion
  1. Summarize your most important points
  2. Try to appeal to peoples feelings
The Toulmin Approach
1. 1-Claim
  1. Propose your statement
  2. Show your information
2. 2-Grounds
  1. Give your hardest facts
  2. Give your reasoning for your claim
3. 3-Warrent
  1. Give data to legitimize your claim
  2. It answers the question 'Why does that data mean your claim is true?'
4. 4-Backing
  1. Additional support for your Warrent
  2. Answer different questions
5. 5-Qualifier
  1. the strength of the leap from the data to the warrant
  2. include words such as 'most', 'usually', 'always' or 'sometimes'
6. 6-Rebuttal
  1. Counter argument as much as ppossible
  2. These may be rebutted either through a continued dialogue, or by pre-empting the counter-argument
The Rogerian Approach
1. 1-An introduction
  1. Explain your problem
2. 2-A neutral, non-judgmental statement of the opponent's position
  1. presented within valid contexts, that demonstrates the writer clearly understands it
3. 3-A neutral statement and explanation
  1. Explain your position and why it's valid
4. 4-An analysis
  1. Analysis what the two positions have in common and what goals and values they share
5. 5-A proposal
  1. State your proposal that solves the problem and interest both parties

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The Three Approaches To An Argument

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	Created by Josh Dean about 9 years ago