Barbara McClintock

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11th grade Science Mind Map on Barbara McClintock, created by Joseph Gianotti on 18/03/2021.
Joseph Gianotti
Mind Map by Joseph Gianotti, updated more than 1 year ago
Joseph Gianotti
Created by Joseph Gianotti over 3 years ago
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Resource summary

Barbara McClintock
  1. Studied the hereditary characteristics of corn and how these traits are passed down through the generations and linked this to changes in the plants’ chromosomes
    1. Proved the genetic elements can sometimes change position on a chromosome, which causes genes to become active or inactive
      1. Discovered transposons
        1. Ac and Ds
          1. Additional experiments with the Ds locus revealed that chromosome breakage at this locus requires a second dominant locus—the Ac locus
            1. The Ac locus can initiate its own transposition
              1. Ds chromosome breakage could be activated by an Ac element that is at a different site or even on a different chromosome
                1. Also found that insertion of Ac and Ds could lead to unstable mutations, but moving those transposons from the mutated loci could restore the gene’s function
                  1. Found that depending on where they are inserted into a chromosome, they can reversibly alter expression of other genes
        2. During her time at Cornell, McClintock developed staining techniques in order to visualize maize chromosomes
          1. Further refined these techniques to effectively discriminate between each of the 10 maize chromosomes
            1. Also helped identify all of the maize linkage groups (genes that are inherited together because of their proximity on the same chromosome)
          2. Demonstrated crossing-over at the chromosomal level and showed that genetic recombination involved the physical exchange of chromosome segments (major contribution to field of genetics)
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