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2996848
The Cell
Description
MCAT Prep: Biology
No tags specified
cell biology
biology
cell structure
Mind Map by
mae1
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
mae1
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
The Cell
Cell Theory
all living things are composed of cells
the cell is the basic unit of life
cells arise only from pre-existing cells
cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA, this genetic material is passed from parent to daughter
Eukaryotic Cells
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Contain a true nucleus
Major organelles: Golgi, ER, ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, lysosome, nuclear membrane, cell membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, centrioles, endocytotic vesicle
Organelles are membrane bound which allows for compartmentalization
Membranes consist of a phospholipid bilayer
Nucleus
contains all genetic material necessary for replication of cell
surrounded by nuclear membrane which has pores that allow for selective two-way exchange
rRNA is synthesized in the nucleolus
Mitochondrion
contains own genes and replicates independent of nucleus via binary fission
start apoptosis by by releasing enzymes from ETC
Makes ATP from TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Lysosome
contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down many different cellular waste products
Can start apoptosis by releasing hydrolytic enzymes
ER
Rough
studded with ribosomes which translate proteins directly in to RER lumen
Smooth
lipid synthesis, detoxification, transports proteins from RER to Golgi
golgi
modifies cellular products from RER by adding carb., phosphate, or sulfate groups
also adds signals to direct cell. products to different parts of the cell
Peroxisomes
Contains hydrogen peroxide- break down fatty acids in B oxidation
cytoskeleton
Provides structure to cell
microfilaments
made of actin
can use ATP to generate force for movement by interacting with myosin
divides matter between daughter cells and forms the cleavage furrow
microtubules
made of tubulin
provides pathways for kinesin and dynein
composes flagella and cilia
cilia: move materials along cell surface
Flagella: Move cells
centrioles: organizing centers for mictotubules
intermediate filaments
cell to cell adhesion
anchors organelles
Tissue
epithelial: covers body and lines cavities, provides protection against pathogen invasion
parenchyma=function of organs, polarized
simple: one layer
stratified: multiple layers
pseudostratified: looks stacked, but isn't
cuboidal: cubed shaped
columnar: long and thin
squamous: flat and scale like
connective tissue: supports body and provides framework for epithelial cells to carry out function
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