The constitution was an uneasy compromise between three
political forces and principles:
Liberal Nationalism: the unification of the
Germans into one state
Federalism: the traditional authority of the
German states in the regions
Authoritarian Monarchy: the military
power of Prussia
The new complex system drawn up
my Bismarck was a complex balance
of power between the Emperor, the
Chancellor, the Federal Council and the Imperial Parliament.
Emperor (Kaiser)
The king of Prussia was also
automatically the emperor of Germany.
He enjoyed great authority, he was able
to:
appoint and dismiss the Chancellor
Dissolve the Reichstag (but in consent
with the Bundesrat
Direct German foreign policy
command all armed forces as
commander- in chief- within the Empire
both in peace and in war
Chancellor and imperial government
The chancellor (Kanzler) was in effect the
chief minister of the Riech and normally
combined it with the Post of Minister-
President of Prussia. He was responsible
for:
The Emperor alone and shaping the
framework of Reich policies
appointing all state secretaties,
who had no power of their own
Federal Council ( Bundesrat)
Bismarck's concession of federalism was enshrined in the creation of
the federal council. This meant it had:
58 representatives nominated from
all of the states (with 17 seats from Prussia)
the responsibility to ratify all
legislation
the ability to reject any military or
constitutional issue with just 14 votes
the right to make changes to the
constitution
Imperial Parliament
(Reichstag)
The Reichstag was elected directly by universal male suffrage and secret ballot.
Although Bismarck always desired the
co-operation of the Reichstag in the passage of
legisslation, he went to considerable lengths to
ensure that parliament with majorities did not
have the same privileges and status as those
enjoyed in Britain by the House of Commons at
the end of the 19th century.
It could discuss and agree those proposals put
forward by the Bundesrat and the imperial
government, including the budget.
It was not permitted to
introduce its own
legislation
It did not allow the
Chancellor and the state
secretaries to be members.