3175255
Description
Mind Map by alexheppard, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by alexheppard
over 9 years ago
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Liberalism
- Individualism
- The belief in the supreme importance of the individual over any social group or collective body
- The Primacy of the Individual - individualism/freedom/reason/justice/toleration
- Humans do not feel like they have the freedom to act or respond to certain things in their own way
- This is due to the government controlling them and leading to restricting people from doing things or saying things
- Freedom of movement/Freedom of Speech
- Freedom of movement/Freedom of Speech
- This is due to the government controlling them and leading to restricting people from doing things or saying things
- The belief in the supreme importance of the individual over any social group or collective body
- Rationalism
- The belief that the world has a rational structure, and that this can be disclosed through the exercise of human reason and critical enquiry
- People expect to be seen as individuals however, they want to be seen as having the same rights and opportunities as everyone else
- Humans have the capacity to understand and explain their world. This also means that they should be able to find solutions to their problems
- The belief that the world has a rational structure, and that this can be disclosed through the exercise of human reason and critical enquiry
- Constitutionalism
- The practice of limited government brought about by the existence of a constitution
- It is a way of setting values and aspirations that reflect and protect liberty through governmental power
- The practice of limited government brought about by the existence of a constitution
- Liberal Democracy
- A political regime in which a 'liberal' commitment to limited government is blended with a 'democratic' belief in a popular rule
- A political regime in which a 'liberal' commitment to limited government is blended with a 'democratic' belief in a popular rule
- Utilitarianism
- A moral philosophy that was developed by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill. This equates 'good' with pleasure or happiness, and 'evil' with pain or unhappiness
- There is the idea that people should depict life as pleasure over pain
- Therefore, maximise pleasure and minimise pain
- Therefore, maximise pleasure and minimise pain
- A moral philosophy that was developed by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill. This equates 'good' with pleasure or happiness, and 'evil' with pain or unhappiness
- Neoliberalism
- An updated version of classical liberalism, particularly classical political economy
- Key Neoliberal policies = privatization, spending cuts, tax cuts and deregulation
- Neoliberalism is seen as being and have the capacity of a market mechanism that is able to solve all economic and social problems
- An updated version of classical liberalism, particularly classical political economy
- Keynesianism
- Refers narrowly to J.M. Keynes (1883-1946), but more broadly to a wide range of economic policies that have been influenced by his theories
- There is an obbsession with a 'tax and spend' policy
- His theroies were influenced by economic writings and economic globalization
- This theory is focussed on uncertainty, inequality and differential levels of knowledge
- Refers narrowly to J.M. Keynes (1883-1946), but more broadly to a wide range of economic policies that have been influenced by his theories
- Human Rights
- Rights to which people are entitled be vitue of being human. These are also known as being the more modern version of 'natural' rights
- Rights to which people are entitled be vitue of being human. These are also known as being the more modern version of 'natural' rights
- Postmodernism
- A contriversial and confusing term that was first used to describe experimental movements in western arts, architecture and cultural development in general
- The believers feel that there is no actual certainty and that the image of truth does not exist
- A contriversial and confusing term that was first used to describe experimental movements in western arts, architecture and cultural development in general
- Key Individuals
- John Locke (1632-1704)
- English philosopher and politician - consistent opposition to absolution. He challenged the nature of humans as they are free and equal
- English philosopher and politician - consistent opposition to absolution. He challenged the nature of humans as they are free and equal
- Adam Smith (1723-1790)
- Scottish economist and philosopher - founder of dismal science = tried to explain the economy in market terms
- Scottish economist and philosopher - founder of dismal science = tried to explain the economy in market terms
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
- German philosopher - he had a central importance of morality
- German philosopher - he had a central importance of morality
- Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
- US political philosopher and statesman - Author of Deccleration of Independence (1776)
- Served 3rd president in USA - showed strong opposition to central gov.
- US political philosopher and statesman - Author of Deccleration of Independence (1776)
- Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
- British philosopher, legal reformer and founder of utalitarianism
- British philosopher, legal reformer and founder of utalitarianism
- James Madison (1751-1836)
- US Statesman and political theorist - wrote in the US Constitution
- Served as the 4th President of USA - leader of pluralism and divided gov. = federalism
- US Statesman and political theorist - wrote in the US Constitution
- John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
- A British philosopher, economist and politician. His work varied from classical to modern forms of liberalism
- His emphasis was based on the quality of individual life, reflected in a commitment to individuality
- A British philosopher, economist and politician. His work varied from classical to modern forms of liberalism
- Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882)
- British philosopher and social theorist - humans are social creatures
- Helped liberalism to reach an accommodation of welfarism and social justice - 'new liberalism'
- British philosopher and social theorist - humans are social creatures
- John Rawls (1921-2002)
- US political philosopher - used a form of social contract theory and believed in the principles of redistribution and social justice
- US political philosopher - used a form of social contract theory and believed in the principles of redistribution and social justice
- John Locke (1632-1704)
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