FEMINISM

LEADERS
1. Simone de Beauvoir
  1. 'THE SECOND SEX'
    1. The first time that the oppressed women were theorised for the world, not just for women, through socialisation, psychoanalysis and history.
    2. Opposed the "woman in the home" norm
    3. 1949
  2. The obstacles she writes about include women’s inability to make as much money as men do in the same profession, women’s domestic responsibilities, society’s lack of support towards talented women, and women’s fear that success will lead to an annoyed husband or prevent them from even finding a husband at all.
    1. De Beauvoir also argues that woman lack ambition because of how they are raised.
      1. Told of duties as mothers and wives
2. Germaine Greer
  1. 'The Female Eunuch'
3. Groupe Français d'Etudes Féministes
  1. Campaigned for the family law reform
4. Antoinette Fouque
  1. 'More has been done for women in the last forty years than in two millions years of history.'
5. Le Mouvement de Libération des Femmes (The Women’s Liberation Movement)
  1. Contributors to The Women’s Liberation Movement include Simone de Beauvoir, Christiane Rochefort, Christine Delphy and Anne Tristan
  2. Equal rights for example right to education, right to work, and right to vote
6. Ita Buttrose
MOVEMENTS
1. 1st
  1. 19th century and early 20th century
    1. Equal contract, marriage, parenting, property rights, gaining political power, women's sexual, reproductive, and economic rights
2. 3rd
  1. 1980's onward
    1. Sexuality, social conditioning, gender roles
      1. Standpoint Feminism
      2. Post Feminism
3. 2nd
  1. Early-Mid 20th Century
    1. Voting, marriage and divorce, family laws, criminalisation of rape, ending discrimination
4. The Women's Liberation Movement in France started in 1970, two years after May 68.
  1. MAY 68
    1. May 68 was a social revolution that aimed to shake up conservative society.
      1. Common objective to fight together for a common objective.
      2. Began in university lecture halls and spread to society as a whole.
      3. Through military and political action
IDEOLOGIES
1. One is not born a women, but becomes one
2. Conquest of freedom
3. Free use of women's bodies, to hold power and freedom
4. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
  1. LIBERAL FEMINISM
    1. Equality of men and women through political and legal
  2. RADICAL FEMINISM
    1. A male-controlled capitalist hierarchy is the defining feature of women's oppression. Radical Feminists believe in the total uprooting and reconstruction of society as necessary
  3. CONSERVATIVE FEMINISM
    1. Is conservative relative to the society in which it resides, religion plays an important role in defining a societies regulations.
  4. LIBERTARIAN FEMINISM
    1. People as self-owners and therefore as entitled to freedom
  5. SEPARATIST FEMINISM
    1. Does not support heterosexual relationships
  6. ECOFEMINISTS
    1. See men's control of land to be responsible for the oppression of women and destruction of the natural environment.
      1. Has been criticised for focusing too much on a mystical connection between women and nature.
5. PSYCHOANALYTIC FEMINIST THEORY
  1. Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva, and Hélène Cixous
    1. Based on Freud and his psychoanalytic theory
      1. Psychoanalytical feminists believe that gender inequality comes from early childhood experiences, which lead men to believe themselves to be masculine, and women to believe themselves feminine.
        Social system dominated by males
6. 'Mouvement de Libération des Femmes', MLF
  1. 1968
7. 'Choisir La Cause des Femmes' ('An association to defend, promote and spread women's rights’)
  1. Founded in 1971 by Simone de Beauvoir and lawyer Gisèle Halimi.
    1. The French movement for family planning was founded in 1956
8. Le Manifests de 343
  1. Signatures from 343 women admitting to having had an illegal abortion
ECONOMIC
1. Division of work is almost equal when there are no children
  1. Women work less to provide for their child/children
2. AUSTRALIA: 1960's: Part-time work was uncommon and child care was rare, leaving women the option of either starting a family, or working full-time
  1. There were some restrictions on married women in the workforce, before 1966, married women could not work in the Commonwealth public service
3. AUSTRALIA 1950's: Women earned75 per cent of their male co‑workers’ wage
4. According to UN Women, "Women perform 66 percent of the world's work, produce 50 percent of the food, but earn 10 percent of the income and own 1 percent of the property."
CULTURAL
1. TRADITION
  1. Stereotypes of women as mothers, who stay home and provide for their male counterpart.
    1. Feminists rejected being trapped in domestic slavery
  2. AUSTRALIA 1961: Median age for first brides was 21 years
    1. Patriachy
2. MEDIA
  1. FILM
    1. Role of women in pornography, and the stigma associated to the woman's sexual role in a relationship.
      1. Setting male expectations of women
    2. Sexualised character roles
    3. Feminist Film Theory
      1. Function of women characters
  2. PUBLICITY
    1. Le Manifests de 343 was published in Le Nouvel Observateur and Le Monde, two French newspapers on 5 April 1971
  3. MODELS & FASHION INDUSTRY
    1. Clothing: women's suits, predominantly 'male' attire
      1. Magazines
        Women's Weekly: 1933
        Ita Buttrose: First female editor of Women's Weekly in 1975
      2. CoCo Chanel
        'Trousers for Women'
      3. Stating if a woman’s focus is on her wardrobe it is to impress the opposite sex.
  4. Women portrayed as sexual objects
3. LITERATURE
  1. Écriture Féminine
    1. 'Feminine Writing'
  2. 1960's: concerns for the earth, spirituality, and environmental activism
4. MOVEMENTS
  1. Flower Power Feminists
  2. Lipstick Feminists
5. MUSIC
  1. Featuring of more female artists
POLITICAL
1. MLF
2. United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
  1. Formulate concrete policies to promote gender equality and advancement of women worldwide
    1. Established in 1946
      1. To promote, report on and monitor issues relating to the political, economic, civil, social and educational rights of women.
        Arguing against references to “men” as a synonym for humanity and phrases like “men are brothers.
      2. Representatives from 15 countries met for the first time in 1947.
        Original representative for Australia: Jessie Mary Grey Street,
        Original Representative for France: Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux
3. INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S YEAR in 1975
  1. INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY: Annually on March 8
4. The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is the key international human rights document that seeks to ensure the enforcement of the human rights of women on an equal basis with men.
  1. DEALS WITH: The right to vote and stand for election, equal rights to education, protection from discrimination in the workplace and equality before the law
5. FRANCE: Women received the right to abort with the passing of the Veil Law in 1975
6. AUSTRALIA: In August 1943, Enid Lyons and Dorothy Tangney became the first two women to elected to the federal parliament
7. Aboriginal Women's rights also became more prominent, with Fay Gale earning her Ph.D from the University of Adelaide in 1960
8. Women's Electoral Lobby which was considered more mainstream and sought to engage change within existing structures
  1. The passing of equal pay legislation in 1972
  2. Rape law reform, which has gradually led to significant amendments to the NSW Crimes Act
SOCIAL
1. CONTRACEPTION
  1. The pill, 1960's
    1. Women now had control over their bodies, and they had the same reporductive rights as men
      1. FRANCE: right to contraception was obtained in 1967
2. ABORTION
3. PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE
  1. Domestic violence
  2. Rape
    1. In France, rape became a crime in 1980
    2. Gang rapes and murders
  3. Sexual harassment
    1. Workplace
  4. Private, unspoken problems into a public arena
4. Giving social issues political legitamacy
5. Alterations to sociatal norms
6. A women's pleasure in a relationship is legitament and important
7. Terminology for women, social words considered normal in society
  1. Student population
  2. Sexualisation

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FEMINISM

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	Created by Isabella Walker about 9 years ago