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3304849
Photosynthesis Overview
Description
Photosynthesis copied from the fantastic taramatthews and edited.
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leaving cert biology
photosynthesis
biology
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Mind Map by
Norman McBrien
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Tara Matthews
about 9 years ago
Copied by
Norman McBrien
about 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Photosynthesis Overview
Role of Photosynthesis
Plants use it to make food
Animals eat plants
Produces O2
Responsible for the formation of fossil fuels
Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + light ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll
Stages
Light is absorbed
Sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll
Water is split
Trapped sunlight is split into H2O
2H2O --> 4H+ + O2 + 4e- (photolysis)
Products of splitting water
e- = passed into chlorophyll
H+ = released into a storage pool of H+ in chloroplast
O2
Pass from chloroplast to cytoplasm to atmosphere
Used within cells of leaf in respiration
Light energises electrons
Some of the sunlight energy trapped by chlorophyll is passed onto electrons in chlorophyll to form high energy electrons
Glucose is formed
High energy electron from chlorophyll along with protons from pool of stored protons combine with CO2 to form glucose
Sources of light, CO2 + H2O
Light
Sun
Artificial in greenhouse
CO2
Air (via leaf))
Produced by respiration
Artificial: burning gas in greenhouse
H2O
Absorbed by plant from soil via roots, passed through stem + to leaves
Light Stage
Grana of chloroplast
No enzymes
Light is absorbed by a range of pigment clusters found in the chloroplast (green is reflected)
Light is transferred to the electron that has been passed to the chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is in the pigment cluster + is near an electron acceptor
Pigment cluster absorbs as much light energy as possible --> chlorophyll --> electron
Energised electron is passed to the electron acceptor which can than send it on 2 pathways
Pathway 1
Electrons pass from the 1st electron acceptor to a series of other electron acceptors + back to chlorophyll
Electrons lose energy as they're passed
Lost energy is used to join a phosphate + ADP = ATP (H2O is also formed)
ADP + energy + P --> ATP + H2O
Phosphorylation = addition of P to ADP
Cyclic Phosphorylation
Pathway 2
2 high energy electrons at a time pass from chlorophyll to electron acceptor + then along another series of electron acceptors
Breaks up water
Electrons don't return to original chlorophyll
Energy lost is used to make ATP
2 e- combine with NADP+ to form NADP-
Chlorophyll molecule is short of e- + gains more H+
NADP- + H+ --> NADPH
Non cyclic phosphorylation
End products
ATP provides energy for dark phase
NADPH provides H+ and energised e- for dark phase
O2 made by splitting of H2O
Dark Stage
Uses energy from breaking down of ATP --> ADP + P
Uses hydrogen ions +e- from breaking down of NADPH --> NADP+ + 2e- + H+
CO2 is reduced to C6H12O6
Stroma of chloroplast
Controlled by enzymes + can be affected by temp
CO2 from air/respiration enters the chloroplast where it combines with H+ and e- to form glucose
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