3309992
Trends
- Brain
- 400-500cm^3
- 1375cm^3 average
- 1375cm^3 average
- Small cerebrum, few convolutions
- Large cerebrum, many convolutions, frontal, temporal and
occipital lobes fuller
- Large cerebrum, many convolutions, frontal, temporal and
occipital lobes fuller
- 400-500cm^3
- Skull
- Bony nuchal and sagittal crests
- Smooth skul, nuchal area smaller
- Smooth skul, nuchal area smaller
- Prominent brow ridge
- Brow ridge nonexistent
- Brow ridge nonexistent
- Prognathic face
- Flatter face, tucked in below cranium
- Flatter face, tucked in below cranium
- Flared zygomatic bones
- Zygomatic bones swept back
- Zygomatic bones swept back
- Top of cranium flat, no forehead
- Vaulted cranium
- Vaulted cranium
- Prominent postorbital constriction
- No postorbital constriction
- No postorbital constriction
- Foramen magnum to rear
- At the centre of the BASE of
the skull
- At the centre of the BASE of
the skull
- No nasal bone
- Nasal bone present
- Nasal bone present
- Bony nuchal and sagittal crests
- Dentition
- Rectangular dental arcade
- Shorter, parabolic dental arcade
- Shorter, parabolic dental arcade
- Large protruding canines
- Smaller, non protruding canines
- Smaller, non protruding canines
- Large incisors
- Smaller, opposed incisors
- Smaller, opposed incisors
- Diastema in upper tooth row
- No diastema
- No diastema
- First premolars canine-like
- First premolars flatter
- First premolars flatter
- Simian shelf reinforces lower jaw
- No simian shelf
- No simian shelf
- No chin
- Chin present
- Chin present
- Rectangular dental arcade
- Spine
- Large spinous processes on
upper vertebrae for strong
neck muscles
- Smaller spinous process on upper vertebrae as head is balanced on spine
- Smaller spinous process on upper vertebrae as head is balanced on spine
- No lumbar curvature: C curve
- Lumbar curvature: S curve
- Lumbar curvature: S curve
- Large spinous processes on
upper vertebrae for strong
neck muscles
- Pelvis
- Long and narrow
- Short, broad, bowl shaped
- Short, broad, bowl shaped
- At an angle to spine
- Aligned with spine, sloping back and down due to curve
- Aligned with spine, sloping back and down due to curve
- Gluteus maximus acts as abductor
- Gluteus maximus acts as extensor
- Gluteus maximus acts as extensor
- Long and narrow
- Legs
- Arms longer than legs
- Arms similar length to legs
- Arms similar length to legs
- Short femur with small head
- Longer femur, head enlarged and angled
- Longer femur, head enlarged and angled
- No carrying angle
- Carrying angle present
- Carrying angle present
- Weight of knee joint on both condyles
- Weight on outer condyle
- Weight on outer condyle
- Arms longer than legs
- Feet
- Smaller calcaneus
- Robust calcaneus
- Robust calcaneus
- Longitudinal arch
- Longitudinal and transverse arches
- Longitudinal and transverse arches
- Opposable big toe for grasping
- Non opposable, robust, aligned with rest of toe
- Non opposable, robust, aligned with rest of toe
- Smaller calcaneus
- Hands
- Fingers curved and long relative to thumb
- Thumb relatively longer to straight fingers
- Thumb relatively longer to straight fingers
- Limited mobility of thumb
- Saddle joint in thumb gives greater mobility
- Saddle joint in thumb gives greater mobility
- Precision grip limited
- Improved precision grip
- Improved precision grip
- Fingers curved and long relative to thumb
- Body hair
- Long, coarse
- Short, fine- appear naked
- Short, fine- appear naked
- Long, coarse
Media attachments
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