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3488320
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
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Resource summary
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
Structure
Composed of particles called nucleons (protons and neutrons)
Protons - positively charged
Neutrons - Neutral
Protons and Neutrons have close to the same mass
Neutron's mass slightly greater
Nucleons have 2000 times the mass of electrons
Tiny
30,000 Carbon Nuclei fit into one Carbon atom
Electrical Charge
Positively Charged Protons
Hold negatively charged electrons in orbit
Determines possible structures of electron orbits that can occur
Acts as repulsive force between protons
Protons
Positively charged
Number of protons determines chemical properties of the atom
# of protons = #of electrons
Neutrons
Neutral
No direct effect on the electron structure
Does not affect the chemistry of an atom
The Strong Force
Binds Nucleons together
Nuclear Force
Strong over very short distance
Large Force Vectors
Stability
Due to a tension between the strong force's tendency to hold the nucleus together and the electrical force's tendency to blow it apart
Nucleus needs certain balance of nucleons to be stable
More protons = more neutrons needed
Light elements - # of protons = # of neutrons
Heavy Elements - More protons = extra neutrons required
Elements more than 83 protons - even extra neutrons can't completely stabilize it
The Nuclear Force
Strong, but barely strong enough to keep nucleons togeteher
When a pair of protons repel, the force can't keep them together
When Neutrons are present, the attractive strong force is increased to balance the repulsive force
Presence of neurons adds to nuclear attraction and keeps protons from flying apart
Attractive force better when protons are closer together
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