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Issues/Debates
Description
A level Psychology (Issues and Debates) Mind Map on Issues/Debates, created by H.G. S on 03/01/2022.
No tags specified
issues and debates
psychology
gender bias
culture bias
holism
reductionism
nature
nurture
free will
determinism
ethical issues
ideographic
nomothetic
psychology
issues and debates
a level
Mind Map by
H.G. S
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Alix Woodhead
over 7 years ago
Copied by
H.G. S
over 2 years ago
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Resource summary
Issues/Debates
Gender bias
Alpha: Exaggerates difference
Beta: minimises difference
Androcentrism: Male centred
Universality: generalise to everyone
Culture bias
Cultural relativism: only relevant to certain culture
AINSWORTH: Strange situation =
Attachment = separation anxiety
Only applies to America = issues for German mothers
Imposed etic: generalises own cultures norms to everyone
Ethnocentrism: judge other cultures by standards of own
Free will/Determinism
Free will: make choices
Determinism
Hard: free will's impossible = Biological approach
Soft: Everything has a cause - but can be caused by conscious choices = Cognitive aprroach
Environmental: Caused by things in environment we cant control = genes, hormones = SKINNER = conditioning
Psychic: unconscious conflicts = FREUD = psychodynamic approach
Biological approach: biological influences = genes, hormones = biological apporach
Nature/Nurture
Nurture: environment
Empiricists: Mind is a blank slate
LERNER: diff levels of environment = pre-natal, post-natal
Nature: biological
Natavists: innate characteristics = heredity
Heritability coefficient: access heredity = numerical between 0-1 = IQ is 0.5
Diathesis stress model: biological vulnerability along with trigger (bio/psycho)
Interactionist: nature creates nurture
Epigenics: change genetic activity without changing genetic code = E.g. dieting
DIAS & RESSLER: 3rd element: experiences of past generations
Reductionism/Holism
reductionism: break down into individual parts
Biological: explains phenomena through genes/hormones
Environmental: stimulus-response learned through experiences
Holism: Look at things all together
E.g. OCD = understood at socio-cultural level, psychological level, physical level, physiological level = reductionism = holism is all as a whole
Ideographic/nomothetic
ideographic = greek word idos meaning private = looks at individuals rather than trying to make generalisations
Qualitative data = case studies, interviews, self report
E.g. Psychodynamic approach = FREUD = case studies when detailing lives of patients
Nomothetic = greek word nomos meaning law = makes general principles and universal laws
Makes bench mark to compare against
Quantative data = lab experiments, blood tests, brain scans
E.g. behaviourist approach = SKINNER = studies response of groups of animals to make laws of learning
Ethical issues
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