Alexander III Reform and Consequences

Annotations:

• Topic: Red Reform: Orange Consequence: Yellow

1. Education
   1. universities cannot appoint new professors, government approve new syllabuses, can’t learn History without Minister of Education permission
      1. Restriction and censorship, prevent bad knowledge from spreading
2. Religion
   1. Preach tsar first, **confession info passed onto police instead of never being shared
      1. Rebellion/dangerous information more difficult to be self-contained, teach loyalty
3. Local government
   1. Reverse zemstva power- give Ministry of the Interior power (tax raise power, appoint new peasants)
      1. 1889 zemstva power removed
         1. No local power
      2. People have power to support Alexander III, but with little power in general
   2. Local justices replaced with land captains who report to Minister of the Interior
      1. Only Minister of the Interior can remove land captains, land captains get draconian rights
         1. Officers to exile, flogging, death penalty
      2. Government power increased at a local level
4. Jews
   1. Anti-Jewish Pogroms 1881-1884
      1. Anti-Jewish riots, mass migration and Zionist movement
5. Quiet order decree

   Annotations:

   •  “14 August 1881: “Decree about measures for the preservation of state order and public quiet and the placement of certain places in a position of reinforced surveillance””   
   1. Police send to exile without trial, close schools/papers/printing houses/private busi, temporary but used up to 1917
      1. People have decreased freedom, judicial system
6. Peasants
   1. Redemption payments reduced
      1. Government get less at a time, peasants easier pay to a degree, still leave all parties in debt
   2. Peasants selling land loosened
      1. Peasants can move more freely, government less control which could cause more issues
   3. Land captains to oversee peasant communities
      1. Peasants still have landowner like control dictating their actions and lives
7. Russification
   1. Nationality policy
      1. Other nationalities begin to hate Russian leadership and efforts, lose their culture