35525302
Description
Mind Map by Dejah Van Assche, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Dejah Van Assche
almost 3 years ago
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Brain Functions
Dejah Van Assche
2/20/2022
- Learning
- Long-term potentiation
(LTP)- strengthening of
synaptic connections
between neurons, how
learning occurs
- Non-Associative- learning with one stimulus
- Habituation- behavioral response to a stimulus decreases
- Sensitization- behavioral response to a stimulus increases
- Habituation- behavioral response to a stimulus decreases
- Associative- learning the
relationship between two
pieces of information
- Classical Conditioning- learning
where a stimulus produces another
stimulus
- Unconditioned stimulus-
stimulus not learned;
instinctive prompts to react
- Unconditioned response- response
not learned; reaction that is elicited
instinctively
- Conditioned stimulus- learned
stimulus; prompts reaction
after learning
- Conditioned response- learned response;
reaction that is elicited after learning
- Unconditioned stimulus-
stimulus not learned;
instinctive prompts to react
- Operant conditioning- learning a
behavior leads to a certain outcome
- Classical Conditioning- learning
where a stimulus produces another
stimulus
- Watching others- learning by observing how others
behave
- Observational- learn or change behavior after
watching another engage in that behavior
- Modeling- displaying a behavior that imitates
a previously observed behavior
- Vicarious conditioning- learning to engage in a
behavior or not, after seeing others being rewarded
or punished for performing that action
- Observational- learn or change behavior after
watching another engage in that behavior
- Long-term potentiation
(LTP)- strengthening of
synaptic connections
between neurons, how
learning occurs
- Knowledge/ Thinking
- Analogical representation- usually
corresponds with images; relates
images with meaning
- Symbolic Representation- abstract, usually
consists of models and ideas; no
relationship to physical qualities of objects
- Concepts- specific knowledge
about a particular object
- Prototype model- concepts organized in hierarchical
categories; other concepts are categorized as similar
or different from the prototype based on how many
characteristics they share with the prototype
- Exemplar model- concepts not organized
hierarchically; no single concept is the best
member of a category
- Prototype model- concepts organized in hierarchical
categories; other concepts are categorized as similar
or different from the prototype based on how many
characteristics they share with the prototype
- Stereotypes- generalizations; reinforces
beliefs about people in particular groups
- Heuristic- often unconscious,
informal way to make a decision;
adaptive, "rule of thumb"
- Availability- tendency to make a decision
based on information that comes to
mind; relies on information that is easy
to retrieve from memory
- Representative- tendency to place people or objects
in a category if they are similar to the concept that
is the prototype; can lead to faulty reasoning
- Affective- emotion based decisions
- Availability- tendency to make a decision
based on information that comes to
mind; relies on information that is easy
to retrieve from memory
- Problem Solving Strategies
- Subgoals- using a set of goals to reach an ultimate goal
- Working backward- starting from the goal state to the initial state
- Analogy- using similarities from the current issue with past issues
- Insight-metaphorical lightbulb; happens only when you stop thinking about it
- Restructuring- strategy consists of mentally representing the problem in a novel way
- Subgoals- using a set of goals to reach an ultimate goal
- Intelligence-ability to use knowledge to
reason, make decisions, make sense of
events, solve problems, understand
complex ideas, learn quickly, and adapt
to environmental challenges
- Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- Analogical representation- usually
corresponds with images; relates
images with meaning
- Memory
- Encoding- changing information into a
neural code the brain can use
- Chunking- recoding information into a different code for
short- term memory; using schemas or letter combinations;
reduces the amount of information to be remembered
- Chunking- recoding information into a different code for
short- term memory; using schemas or letter combinations;
reduces the amount of information to be remembered
- Storage- maintaining
information for some use
- Sensory- initial memories
utilizing senses (sight, smell,
hearing, taste, and touch)
- Short-term- small amount of
information could be encoded;
use of working memory can
improve short-term
- Recency effect- better
memory of items most
recent or at the end of a list
- Anterograde amnesia- lose ability to for
new memories; potentially lose short-term
memory
- Recency effect- better
memory of items most
recent or at the end of a list
- Long-term- nearly limitless
capacity; information that may
help survival may be added
- Primacy- better memory of items at
the beginning of a list
- Retrograde amnesia- lose memories
from past events, facts, people, and
personal information; potentially lose
long-term memory
- Primacy- better memory of items at
the beginning of a list
- Schemas- mental structures; collections of ideas,
prior knowledge, and experiences that help
organize information and guide thought and
behavior
- Sensory- initial memories
utilizing senses (sight, smell,
hearing, taste, and touch)
- Retrieval- accessing the information for use
- Consolidation- making neural connections
stronger and creating new neural connections;
especially in Hippocampus
- Reconsolidation-idea that
memories can change each time
they are retrieved
- Retrieval cue- anything that
assists in accessing a memory
- Consolidation- making neural connections
stronger and creating new neural connections;
especially in Hippocampus
- Encoding- changing information into a
neural code the brain can use
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