Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

is progressive muscle degeneration and weakness
1. a result of mutation in dystrophin gene at Xp21 locus
2. Pathways of muscle contraction
  1. How to measure muscle strength?
Signs & Symptoms
1. Poor head control
  1. Lordotic posture
    1. Pseudohypertrophy
      1. Gowers sign
2. patients will have normal growth parameters
Progression
1. Complications
  1. Psychological impact
    1. depression
      1. autism
  2. Waddling gait
    1. Delayed growth
      1. Frequent falls
        learning disabilities
    2. what is the normal gait cycle?
Management
1. medications > steroids
  1. physiotherapy
    1. genetic therapy
      1. psychotherapy
2. history
  1. physical examination
    1. neurological examination
Epidemiology
Investigations
1. Serum CK
  1. PCR
    1. Biopsy
      1. Cardiac assessment
        Western blot
DMD vs BMD
foot & ankle
1. bones
  1. joints
    1. muscles
      1. arches
Malaria
1. mosquito-borne (Anopheles) disease caused by a plasmodium parasite.
  1. S&S
    1. Intermittent Fever
      1. Headache
        Nausea & Vomiting
      2. Types of Fever
  2. Life Cycle
  3. Investigations
    1. CBC
      1. Blood smear
        Rapid diagnostic tests
        Giemsa Stain
  4. Complications
    1. Anemia
      1. Hypoglycemia
        Pulmonary Edema
        Blackwater fever/Acute renal failure
  5. Treatment
    1. Chloroquine
      1. Quinine
        Malarone
        Artemisinins
  6. Parasites
    1. Ectoparasites
    2. Helminths
    3. Protozoa
  7. Prevention

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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	Created by Marwa Alqassim over 2 years ago