36835699
Description
Mind Map by Alex Anderson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alex Anderson
over 2 years ago
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UOL - BBC - S4 - Learning
- Animal
work
- Behaviours
surrounding
digestion in dogs
- Count the no. drops of saliva produced in
response to food/ presence of food-giver/
sounding of signal
- Count the no. drops of saliva produced in
response to food/ presence of food-giver/
sounding of signal
- Behaviours
surrounding
digestion in dogs
- Classical conditioning
- Individuals
- Ivan
Pavlov
- Vladimir Bekhterev
- Ivan
Pavlov
- Types of stimuli
- Unconditional stimulus
- Stimulus which produces an
innate, automatic and
reflexive response
- Stimulus which produces an
innate, automatic and
reflexive response
- Conditioned stimulus
- A newly introduced
stimulus which has been
associated with an
unconditional stimulus to
gain a desired response
- A newly introduced
stimulus which has been
associated with an
unconditional stimulus to
gain a desired response
- Neutral stimuli
- A stimulus with no automatic
response association, that is paired
repeatedly with an unconditional
stimulus to teach association
- A stimulus with no automatic
response association, that is paired
repeatedly with an unconditional
stimulus to teach association
- Unconditional stimulus
- Types of response
- Conditioned response
- Unconditional response
- Conditioned response
- Higher order
conditioning
- Acquisition
- US --> UR
- US + NS --> UR
- Repeat
- NS = CS
- US + CS --> UR
- CS --> CR
- Same behaviour
- CS --> CR
- US + CS --> UR
- Repeat
- US + NS --> UR
- NS --> NR
- US --> UR
- How long does CC last?
- Extinction
- If CS is presented
too often without
US, CR decreases
- If too long passes without
association reinforcement,
the conditioned behaviour
is unlearned
- If CS is presented
too often without
US, CR decreases
- Spontaneous recovery
- After rest, the CR may
seemingly return
- Often diminished
- Extinction occurs more
rapidly with each
successive rest/recovery
- Often diminished
- After rest, the CR may
seemingly return
- Extinction
- Specificity of association
- Depending on the similarity to the CR,
another stimuli may successfully elicit
the conditioned response
- generalisation
- context and presentation of
similar stimuli to CS
- context and presentation of
similar stimuli to CS
- Depending on the similarity to the CR,
another stimuli may successfully elicit
the conditioned response
- Usefulness of CC
- Protective learned aversion
- conditioned taste aversion
- conditioned taste aversion
- Hebb rule
- neurons that fire together, wire together
- neurons that fire together, wire together
- Neuronal strengthening
- When US and NS are paired, both relevant neurons
repeatedly fire simultaneously, strengthening the
relevant neuron for the NS 's connection with the
response neuron, this is further strengthened when
just the CS is triggered to gain the response.
- When US and NS are paired, both relevant neurons
repeatedly fire simultaneously, strengthening the
relevant neuron for the NS 's connection with the
response neuron, this is further strengthened when
just the CS is triggered to gain the response.
- Protective learned aversion
- Individuals
- Operant
conditioning
- Individuals
- Thorndike
- Puzzle
box
- Puzzle
box
- Skinner
- Thorndike
- Law of effect
- Behaviour followed by
pleasant experience is
likely to be repeated
- Behaviour followed by
unpleasant consequences
will likely cease
- Behaviour followed by
pleasant experience is
likely to be repeated
- Reinforcement
- Maintenance
of behaviour
- Increasing presence
of behaviour
- Maintenance
of behaviour
- Punishment
- control of
behaviour through
consequences
- Reduction of
behaviour
- Elimination
of behaviour
- control of
behaviour through
consequences
- Reinforcement schedules
- Continuous
- Reinforcement happens every
time the behaviour occurs
- Reinforcement happens every
time the behaviour occurs
- Partial
- Reinforcement only occurs some of
the time when behaviour occurs
- Reinforcement only occurs some of
the time when behaviour occurs
- Fixed interval
- Reinforcement occurs after a
fixed period of time,
regardless of performance
rates of behaviour
- Slowest learning
reinforcer
- Reinforcement occurs after a
fixed period of time,
regardless of performance
rates of behaviour
- Variable interval
- Gap between
reinforcement
can change
- Slow gradual learing
- Gap between
reinforcement
can change
- Fixed ratio
- every x no. times
behaviour is achieved,
reinforcement occurs
- Learn gradually,
- every x no. times
behaviour is achieved,
reinforcement occurs
- Variable ratio
- Reinforcement
happens after
varying times
- Learn fast, sustain
- Reinforcement
happens after
varying times
- Continuous
- Insight
- A moment of realisation of an
intention, or purpose to tasks
that should theoretically lead to
correct subsequent completion
- A moment of realisation of an
intention, or purpose to tasks
that should theoretically lead to
correct subsequent completion
- Instrumental conditioning
- Types of consequence
- Positive
- Addition
- Addition
- Negative
- Removal
- Removal
- Positive
- Types of reinforcement
- Primary
- Direct satisfaction of
a need or response
- Direct satisfaction of
a need or response
- Secondary
- No intrinsic value, but
can be used to acquire
primary reinforcers
- No intrinsic value, but
can be used to acquire
primary reinforcers
- Primary
- Individuals
- Simple
model of
learning
- Stimulus
- Perceptual learning
- Motor learning
- Response
- Changes in the neural
circuit that controls a
particular behaviour
- Learning how to modify
motor responses,
engaging and changing
motor regions
- Response
- Changes in the neural
circuit that detect
particular stimuli
- The process of learning
to identify and
discriminate between
different types of stimuli
- Motor learning
- Perceptual learning
- Stimulus-response
learning
- Stimulus
- Neural mechanisms of learning
- Hebb Rule
- Transcortical pathways
- Basal ganglia
- Hebb Rule
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