3707922
Description
Mind Map by Khalid Farahani, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Khalid Farahani
about 9 years ago
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Pregnancy Toxemia
in Beef Cattle
- Pathophysiology
- Pregnant cow
requires a great
deal of energy
- Energy from mobilization
of fat deposition into the
liver via blood
- Energy from glucose
produced in the liver
- Host, agent and
environment factors
- Negative energy
balance (hypoglycemia)
- Increase metabolism
of fat store
- Fatty acids overwhelm liver's
capaciy to metabolize them
- Excessive toxic by-products
(acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate)
- Ketosis increase, bicarbonate
level in blood decrease
- Rumen pH decrease leading to
acidosis
- Sweet acetone-like smell
in breath
- Start to affect
the brain
- Brain function is
affected and the animal
stops eating
- Brain function is
affected and the animal
stops eating
- Rumen pH decrease leading to
acidosis
- Ketosis increase, bicarbonate
level in blood decrease
- Liver becomes enlarged,
pale and fatty
- Excessive toxic by-products
(acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate)
- Fatty acids overwhelm liver's
capaciy to metabolize them
- Increase metabolism
of fat store
- Negative energy
balance (hypoglycemia)
- Energy from mobilization
of fat deposition into the
liver via blood
- Pregnant cow
requires a great
deal of energy
- Epidemiology
- Host
- Fat beef cows
- Last 2 months
of pregnancy
- Bearing twins
- Excessive
parasitic burden,
poor teeth or
lameness
- Fat beef cows
- Environment
- Yarding
- Bad weathers
- Sudden cold
- Travelling
- Yarding
- Agent
- Glucose deficit
- Glucose deficit
- Host
- Clinical signs
- Early CS
- Depression
& lethargy
- Isolated from
the rest
- Reduced
appetite/absent
- Depression
& lethargy
- Close to calving
- Restlessness/
excitability
- High
stepping gait
- Tendency to
charge moving
objects
- Abortion/
premature calving
- Restlessness/
excitability
- Increased
resp. rate
- Sweet
acetone-like odor
of breath
- Early CS
- Differential Diagnosis
- Traumatic reticulitis
- Pyelonephritis
- Displaced abomasum
- Secondary ketosis
- Metritis
- Mastitis
- Metritis
- Vagal indigestion
- Traumatic reticulitis
- Treatment
- Immediate vet. services
- IV fluid therapy
- C-sec or
induction of
calving
- Anabolic steroids
administration
- IM injection of glucose,
calcium borogluconate
and magnesium salts
- IV fluid therapy
- Intensive care
- Green feeds
- Energy supplement
- Oral treatments
- Sodium propionate
- Propylene glycol
- Electrolytes
- Sodium propionate
- Immediate vet. services
- Control and Prevention
- Early
detection of
problem
- Give high-energy
feeds
- Gestating cow
should not be
too fat/thin
- Design nutritional
program
- Supplementary
feeding practice
- Separate animals
based on
production stage
- Early
detection of
problem
- References
- 1. W. Belinda (2007, Jan). Pregnancy Toxemia in
Beef Cattle. Primefacts 335. NSW Department of
Primary Industries. Retrieved from
www.dpi.nsw.gov.au
- 2. S. Kenyon (n.d.). Metabolic Diseases. Unit 6 Part 2. Animal
Health Management. Retrieved from
http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/nielsen/www495/notes/unit6_2.html
- 1. W. Belinda (2007, Jan). Pregnancy Toxemia in
Beef Cattle. Primefacts 335. NSW Department of
Primary Industries. Retrieved from
www.dpi.nsw.gov.au
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