Ireland 1910-1918

Act of Union
1. Passed in 1800, Politically tied Ireland to Britain.
2. 3/4 of Irish population did not support the Union
3. Ireland had no Parliament of its own, Ruled by parliament in Westminister, we were allowed 105 seats in parliament.
4. The British parliament consisted of the House of Commons(elected individuals) and the House of Lords(non-elected individuals, british nobility)
The Nationalists VS The Unionists
1. Nationalist- A person against the Union
  1. Parties
    1. Home Rule Party
      1. Wanted its own Parliament for Ireland to deal with Irish affairs while UK deals with more important events such as the irish army.Ireland will still be under power of the king.
    2. Sinn Fein
      1. Arthur Griffith
      2. 1905
      3. Wanted Own irish parliament but wanted king of England to still be king of Ireland.Griffith wanted Ireland to develop their own industries and prosperity.
    3. Labour
    4. Irish Republican Brotherhood(IRB)
      1. Wanted total independence from England, Believed Ireland should be a republic.This organisation was a secret one, They believed their goal could only be achieved through rebellion.
2. Unionist-A person who supported the Union.
  1. Edward Carson, James Craig
Reasons as to why N and U were against/for the Union
1. Poverty:During the union only Ulster blossomed with much wealth and jobs, whereas the Irish were barley getting by on the scraps.
2. Religion:As Britain at the time was protestant and Ireland was Catholic this caused a problem as The protestants(unionist) did not want home rule as if Ireland were to get their own parilment ,it would mostly contain catholics leaving proestants out in votes whereas the same for the opposite side if Britain were to take over fully catholics would have no say in how their country was run.(Home Rule is Rome Rule)
3. Culture:The Irish culture was nothing like the English culture, we even had a completely different language, many people felt that if Ireland were to join England we would be giving up our culture and irish heritage.
The GAA(The Gaelic Athletic Association)
1. Set up by Douglas Hyde in hopes to renew Irish culture through sports such as Gaelic Football.Also in hopes of uniting all opinions through sport.(1884)
2. The First Gaelic League in 1884 was set up to renew the irish language also to teach Ceilis and irish music.They also started printing newspapers in irish in a desperate attempt to get back their beloved language. Eventually the GAA was taken over by the IRB, Hyde retired in distgust as his original idea of a united Ireland had been taken away.
The Lockout/Labour Movement
1. Durning the 1913s Irish workers were treated badly and worked in terrible conditions on little pay.Many people beleved that workers should have rights; these people were referred to as Socialists.Amoung them were two men James connoly and Jim Larkin.In 1908 Jim Larkin tried to set up a trade union called the Irish Transport and Genral Workers' union (ITGWU),Afraid of this union all work places locked workers out of work until they agreed not to join the union.Many people refused this offer and started striking outside their workplaces, unfortuantley the police were on side with the powerful bosses and beat up any person who refused the offer,in order to protect the irish people the ICA (Irish Citizen Army) was set up.This army protected the people from the police brutality.Eventually after 5 months of the lockout workers were forced to go back to work as their jobs were the only way they feed their families, when the workers returned they returned to even worse conditions.
Home Rule Crisis
1. After the genral election in 1910 the Libral Party tried to pass a higher tax on the rch which got veto and lost the libral party votes, in order to beat the opposing team so they contacted John Redmond the head of the Home Rule Party and struck a deal with them if they give the Libral Party their votes in return they must pass the home rule bill.When the liberal party did win they kept their word and made a law so the house of lords could only Veto a bill twice and on the third time the bill is automatically passed.Evntaully the bill got accepted in1912 and the house of lords could only delay the bill by two years.As you can imagine the Nationalists were delighted while the Unionists were horrified.
2. Unionist reaction:After finding out the home rule bill was to be passed Carson and Craig set up the Ulster Voulenteer Force( UVF) to prevent home rule being opposed on them.They state they will not stop at any cost until they do not face home rule.They also signed the Soleum league and covannant.
3. Nationalists Reaction:In reaction to the unionists the nationilists felt that if the UVF caused to much trouble the bill would be canncllled so in response Eoin Mac Neill set up the Irish Voulenteers to protect the home rule bill.While this was happening the IRB secretly set up inside the IV slowly converting the men to a full republic.
4. Threat of Civil War:As there were now two separate armies ready to fight for their belief there was a threat of civil war,quite quickly Asquith the leader of the liberal party convinced Redmond and Carson to talk and discuss ther beliefs amound eachother and reach an agreement.Eventually an agreement was reached that a Partition was to be put in place to separate the unionists from the nationalists.Carson wanted ulster while Redmond agreed where his majority stood.
5. Unfortuanatley World War One broke out before Home rule was supposed to come out.Due to WW1 Home rule was postponed till the end of the war.Both groups encouraged their volounteers to join.
The 1916 Rising
1. Preparrations
  1. The 1916 rising was due to happen on Easter day 1916, the IRB needed more men for this rising to be sucsessful so they created a fake letter to the IV saying that anyone involved was to be arrested, this caused Eoin Mac Neill unaware the letter was forged to join forces with the IRB and plan the easter rising.Just when everything was planned Eoin Mac Neill discovered that the guns and arsenal that was supposed to be delivered got captured off the coast of howth by a British Army Ship.Mac Neill also discovered the letter was forged and called off the rising in the Sunday paper.The IRB were still intent on going on with the rising as they planned to use Blood Sacrifice to change the peoples minds.
2. The Rising
  1. The Rising Itself took place on Easter Sunday 1916 at 12:00.The IRB were in short numbers and planned to take over the key buildings in Dublin.The GPO was the headquarters for the rising.It contained Parick Pearse the Main leader of the IRB, The college of Surgeons which contained James Connelly, They also tried to take over Dublin castle the british headquarters in Dublin but failed due to lack of men.The rising lasted for 6 days it started on Sunday and by Tuesday the English had brought in 2000 more soilders.Eventually after a lot of bloodshed and crossfire Parick Pearse surrendered causeing all his followers to surrender such as his right hand man or should I say women who when surrendered kissed her gun and handed it over to the general.
3. Why it failed
  1. There were too little men and the English had greatly outnumbered them.Also they did not think through their stratigy as they were trapped inside buildings unable to get out.
4. Repercussion of the rising
  1. All the main leaders of the rising were caught and exacuted, one of the men were already badly injured and was bound to die within numbered days but the British strapped him to a chair and shot him,The public started changing their opinions as they felt the executions were to harsh.The British started realizing this and stopped the executions but it was too late.The damage had been done and now Ireland wanted to be free.

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Ireland 1910-1918

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	Created by Hannah Walsh about 9 years ago