People who have it
can’t tell what’s real
from what is imagined.
hallucinations vs
delusion
Hallucinations can be auditory, visual, taste, olfactory /
they appear to be real but only exist in your mind
Delusions: An unshakeable belief that something is true despite facts pointing to the
contrary. Clearly false and indicates to abnormalities in the person’s thoughts
Social and cultural beliefs
on mental illness
The experience and manifestation of mental illness are influenced by an individual's
social and cultural background. It can determine how individuals communicate their
symptoms, influence their understanding of their illness, and determine the coping
strategies they adopt and the type of interventions they seek
Persecutory delusions
definition
Persecutory delusions are
persistent, troubling, false beliefs
that one is about to be harmed or
mistreated by others in some way.
examples of
persecutory delusions
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder that
affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves.
People with schizophrenia can lose touch with reality, due to
experiencing delusions, hallucinations and thought disorder.
delusions / hallucinations / Disorganized thinking (speech) / Extremely
disorganized or abnormal motor behavior / Negative symptoms
Causes and Risk Factors
of Schizophrenia
genetic and family history
environmental factors
early disruptions
Neurochemicals
Imbalances in certain chemicals, including dopamine,
glutamate, and serotonin, have been linked to schizophrenia
drug abuse
drugs are: Cannabis, Cocaine, LSD, Amphetamines
Mental state
examination for
Schizophrenia
what to look
at?
DSM-V
Schizophrenia
Two or more of these symptoms must
be present for at least one month (Can
be less if being successfully treated) And
at least one symptom must be 1. 2. or 3.
Affected individuals have
motor and cognitive
problems which precede
the onset of the illness.
Neurotransmission
alteration
MANAGEMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA –
ANTIPSYCHOTICS & LITHIUM
antipsychotics
lithium
Mood Stabilizer / Treat bipolar disorder, the
acute manic episode and to prevent relapse /
Inhibits phosphoinositol pathway
Epidemiology of
schizophrenia
Schizophrenia affects approximately 24 million people or 1 in 300 people
(0.32%) worldwide. Onset is most often during late adolescence and the
twenties, and onset tends to happen earlier among men than among women.