China

Annotations:

• Dynastic Cycle-  the circle of dynasties that changed over the course of time. How does dynastic rule impact order in China?- It determines their laws, social order, and culture. For example, the Qin dynasty was a period of social status, war, and used the idea of legalism. While the Han dynasty was a diplomatic period and used confucianism.

1. Shang (Oldest)

   Annotations:

   • - Used oracle bones to predict the future.  - Began ancestral worship - Giant musolean- civilation built on sacrafices Alcohol
2. Belief systems
   1. Confucianism: Ethical

      Annotations:

      • - Created by philosopher Confucius - Taught about how to ensure social order and good government Core Ideas: (6) - Ruler- Subject - Father & Son - Husband & Wife - Older & Younger -  Friend & Friend *Harmony where every individual knows their place in society *Superior individuals set good examples of behavior and inferior obey the strong
   2. Legalism: Practical

      Annotations:

      • _ Han Fei lived during the waring period - Legalism became the core philosophy in the Qin dynasty Principals:  - Human nature is selfish - Intellection and literacy is discouraged - Law is the supreme authority and replaces mortality - The ruler must rule with a strong punishing hand - War is the means of strengthening rulers' power - 2/3 of the population during this philosophy were killed
   3. Daoism: Spiritual

      Annotations:

      • - Lao Zi- Spiritual Principals:  - Dao- the first cause of the universe. Flows through all life - Believers' goal is to become one with Dao; one with nature -  "Let nature take its course" "The art of doing nothing" and "Go with the flow." - Man is unhappy because he lives according to man-made laws, customs, and traditions that are contrary to nature's way The Dao (Tao) - Escape the man traps of life - Reject formal knowledge and learning; Relying on the sense and instincts, Discovering nature and "rhythm" of the universe - Ignore political and social law - YIN- YANG
3. Zhou (Mandate of heaven)

   Annotations:

   • 1.) XIan - King Wu Waring period- System of justice: Mandate of heaven( justified emperors rule, rules humans but chosen by the gods) - Created fuile system
4. Qin (Shi Huangdi)

   Annotations:

   • Chinese emperor that united china: Shi Hunag Di Shi Huangdi turned China into Legalsit idealism (human nature is selfish and should therefore be punished
5. Han (Golden age)

   Annotations:

   • - Considered chinas "golden age" - Diplomatic approach -  Confusianism (social order)

Annotations:

• - Yellow river - Yangtze river - Gobi desert - Himilayan mountains