Muscular system Revision

Short term effects of exercise
1. Muscle fatigue.
  1. Tiredness.
  2. Can become painful.
2. Produce carbon dioxide through respiration.
3. Increase in temperature.
4. Can produce a build up in lactic acid.
5. Use more oxygen.
Long term effects of exercise
1. Increase in size and density.
  1. Hypertrophy
2. Increase in strength.
3. More capillaries in muscles.
4. Greater resistance to fatigue.
5. Increase in flexibility around the joint.
6. Involuntary muscles become stronger
  1. Stronger heart for better circulation
Effects on performance
1. More capillaries
  1. Enables better endurance
    1. Good for long distance runners.
2. Hypertrophy
  1. Good for rugby players to break a tackle
  2. Bad for ballet dancers
    1. Doesn't fit what they should look like
3. Increase in flexibility
  1. Good for dancers
4. Stronger heart
  1. Sustain intense exercise for longer
3 types of muscles
1. Involuntary
  1. smooth, organ muscles.
    1. Never stop working
2. Voluntary
  1. Muscles found in the body and the joints
3. Cardiac
  1. Only found in heart.
    1. Another type of involuntary
      1. They aren't consciously moving.
Major muscles
1. Trapesius
  1. Rotates shoulder
2. Deltoid
  1. Abducts upper arm
3. Latissimus dorsi
  1. Rotates upper arm
4. abdominals
  1. Flexion at hip
5. Bicep
  1. Flexion at arm
6. Tricep
  1. Extension of arm
7. Quadriceps
  1. Extension of knee.
8. Hamstrings
  1. Flexion of leg at knee
9. Gastrocnemius
  1. Flexion of foot
10. Pectorals
  1. Adducts the arm
11. Gluteus Maximus
  1. Extension of upper leg
Muscle Fibres
1. Slow Twitch
  1. Are deep red, contract slowly and work for long periods of time.
    1. 60% slow 40% fast in average person
2. Fast Twitch
  1. Light red, powerful but tire easily and contract quickly.
Functions
1. Generate heat
2. Blood circulation
3. Good posture
4. Movement
5. Glycogen storage
6. Protection
Muscle tone and posture
1. When muscles are in a continuous state of tension
2. Needed to stay upright
3. Helps good posture
4. Requires energy
5. How we hold our body whilst still or in movement.
Antagonistic pairs
1. Muscles work in pair against each other
2. One muscle contracts whilst the other relaxes.
3. The agonist is the prime mover
  1. The antagonist is the relaxed muscle.
Muscle contractions
1. Isontonic
  1. Muscles change length whilst working.
  2. Tonic water- bubbles move****
  3. Eg. Running
2. Isometric
  1. Muscle contract but the body is still
  2. Eg. hand stand

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Muscular system Revision

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	Created by xlilyxjonesx almost 11 years ago