3.10 Effects of Institutionalisation

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A level Psychology (attachments) Mind Map on 3.10 Effects of Institutionalisation, created by Alicja Klak on 02/01/2023.
Alicja Klak
Mind Map by Alicja Klak, updated more than 1 year ago
Alicja Klak
Created by Alicja Klak almost 2 years ago
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3.10 Effects of Institutionalisation
  1. Institutionalisation is the behaviour patterns of children who had been raised outside of a family home in care.
    1. Rutter (1998)
      1. Procedure: Studied Romanian orphans who has been placed in orphanages aged 1-2 weeks old, with minimal adult contact. Assessed a group of around 100 orphans at ages 4,6,11 then reassessed 21 years later. 3 conditions used, adopted before 6 months, adopted between 6months and 2 years, and adopted between 2-4 years.
        1. Findings: At first arrival, adoptees showed signs of delayed intellectual development and severe malnourishment. Mean IQ for those before 6 months was 102, 86 after 6 months and 77 for those after 2 years.
        2. In Romania in the 1990s the president of the time made it a requirement for women to have 5 children, leading to high intakes in orphanages as people could not afford to care for these children.
          1. Effects:
            1. Disinhibited attachment: An adaptation to living in care with multiple carers.
              1. Intellectual disability: Lower iq, those adopted before 6 months however were able to catch up with the control group.
              2. Bucharest Early Intervention Project
                1. Procedure: Zeanah et al (2005) assessed the attachment in 136 orphans between 12-31 months who had spent on average 90% of their life in an institution. Measured using the strange situation.
                  1. Findings: Only 19% of the control group was securely attached. 65% found to have a disorganised attachment, a type of insecure where children display an inconsistent pattern of behaviour.
                  2. Evaluation:
                    1. Strengths:
                      1. Real world application. Studying Romanian orphans can improve understanding of institutional care and how to prevent worse effects.
                        1. Lack of confounding variables. Children from Romanian orphanages have been placed there by loving parents so lack of previous negative experience which could affect it,
                        2. Weaknesses:
                          1. Lack of adult data. There will be some time until we know the long term effects.
                            1. Results may not be representative. Once children were adopted they may not wish to take part in the study.
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