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Description
Mind Map by Alicja Klak, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alicja Klak
over 1 year ago
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1.6 Obedience - Situational Explanations
- Agentic State
- Milgrams interest with the trial of Adolf
Eichmann led him to propose that
obedience to destructive authority was due
to a person not taking responsibility, rather
believing they are acting for someone.
- Autonomous state
- Opposite of the agentic state. Autonomy
means independence, so they are free to
behave as is according to their own moral
principles and laws. They feel a responsibility
for their own actions.
- The shift from autonomy to agency is called agentic
shift. Milgram (1974) suggested this occurs when a
person perceives someone else as an authority figure.
They believe this person has more power as they are of a
higher position in the social hierachy.
- Opposite of the agentic state. Autonomy
means independence, so they are free to
behave as is according to their own moral
principles and laws. They feel a responsibility
for their own actions.
- Binding factors
- Aspects of a situation that allow the person to ignore
or minimise the damaging effects of their behaviour
and thus reducing the moral strain they feel.
- Aspects of a situation that allow the person to ignore
or minimise the damaging effects of their behaviour
and thus reducing the moral strain they feel.
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Research Support
- Milgram's own studies support the role of
the agentic state in obedience. Most of his
participants resisted giving shocks at one
point and often questioned the procedure.
When the experimenter replied "I'm
responsible" the participants went through
the procedure quickly.
- Shows that when they didnt take responsibility,
participants had no issues with continuing to
give shocks.
- Shows that when they didnt take responsibility,
participants had no issues with continuing to
give shocks.
- Milgram's own studies support the role of
the agentic state in obedience. Most of his
participants resisted giving shocks at one
point and often questioned the procedure.
When the experimenter replied "I'm
responsible" the participants went through
the procedure quickly.
- Research Support
- Weaknesses
- A limited explanation
- Agentic shift does not explain many research
findings about obedience. E.G doesnt explain
Rank and Jacobsen's study. 16/18 hospital
nurses disobeyed orders from a doctor to
administer an excessive drug to a patient,
though the doctor was an authority figure,
nurses remained autonomous.
- Agentic shift can only account for certain situations of obedience
- Agentic shift can only account for certain situations of obedience
- Agentic shift does not explain many research
findings about obedience. E.G doesnt explain
Rank and Jacobsen's study. 16/18 hospital
nurses disobeyed orders from a doctor to
administer an excessive drug to a patient,
though the doctor was an authority figure,
nurses remained autonomous.
- A limited explanation
- Strengths
- Milgrams interest with the trial of Adolf
Eichmann led him to propose that
obedience to destructive authority was due
to a person not taking responsibility, rather
believing they are acting for someone.
- Legitimacy of Authority
- Most societies are structured in a hierarchical
way, meaning certain positions hold more
authority than others. We accept that authority
are allowed to exercise social power over
others as it allows society to run normally.
- A consequence is that people are given the
power to punish others, like police and courts
have the power to punish wrongdoers.
- A consequence is that people are given the
power to punish others, like police and courts
have the power to punish wrongdoers.
- Destructive authority
- History has shown that charismatic and powerful leaders
can use their legitimate power for destructive purpose,
ordering people to behave in ways that cause harm and
are cruel.
- History has shown that charismatic and powerful leaders
can use their legitimate power for destructive purpose,
ordering people to behave in ways that cause harm and
are cruel.
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Explains cultural differences
- Shows that in some cultures,
authority is more likely to be
obeyed and accepted as a
legitimate authority. Reflecting
the way different societies are
structured and how children are
raised to perceive authority.
- Shows that in some cultures,
authority is more likely to be
obeyed and accepted as a
legitimate authority. Reflecting
the way different societies are
structured and how children are
raised to perceive authority.
- Explains cultural differences
- Weaknesses
- Cannot explain all disobedience
- Some people may be more or less obedient than others
due to innate tendencies to disobey having a greater
influence on their behaviour.
- Some people may be more or less obedient than others
due to innate tendencies to disobey having a greater
influence on their behaviour.
- Cannot explain all disobedience
- Strengths
- Most societies are structured in a hierarchical
way, meaning certain positions hold more
authority than others. We accept that authority
are allowed to exercise social power over
others as it allows society to run normally.
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