389907
Description
Mind Map by lucyhacking, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lucyhacking
almost 11 years ago
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The Multi store model of memory
- It is an explanation of how memory processes work
- 3 main components
- Sensory memory
- Composed of several stores-
eyes,ears,nose,fingers etc and the
corresponding areas of the brain
- Constantly receiving info,
most receives no
attention and remains in
sensory store for very
brief period
- If attention is focused on
one of the sensory stores,
transferred to STM
- Composed of several stores-
eyes,ears,nose,fingers etc and the
corresponding areas of the brain
- Short term memory
- Information will 'decay'
disappear quickly if not
rehearsed
- It will also disappear if new
info enters the STM pushing
out(displacing) the original
information
- STM has limited capacity
- STM has limited capacity
- 7+-2 capacity
- Information will 'decay'
disappear quickly if not
rehearsed
- Long term memory
- The more something is rehearsed
the more lasting the memory will be
- Maintenance rehearsal- largely verbal
- Maintenance rehearsal- largely verbal
- Unlimited capacity
- The more something is rehearsed
the more lasting the memory will be
- Sensory memory
- Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
- Evidence for 3 separate stores
- The sensory store
- Sperling (1960)
- Participants saw grid of letters+digits for 50 milliseconds, either
asked to write down all 12 or told they would hear a tone
immediately after and should write down that row
- When asked to write down whole thing recall was poorer. (5 items recalled=42%)
When asked to give one row (3 items recalled=75%)
- Shows info decays rapidly in sensory store
- Shows info decays rapidly in sensory store
- When asked to write down whole thing recall was poorer. (5 items recalled=42%)
When asked to give one row (3 items recalled=75%)
- Sperling (1960)
- The serial position effect
- Glanzer&Cunitz (1966)
- Gave participants 20 words presented one
at a time and then asked to recall them
- Tended to remember words from start of
the list (primacy effect) and from the end
of the list (recency effect) less good at
recalling words in middle
- Primacy effect occurs, first words are best rehearsed and transferred to LTM.
Recency effect occurs because words are in STM when asked to recall the list
- Primacy effect occurs, first words are best rehearsed and transferred to LTM.
Recency effect occurs because words are in STM when asked to recall the list
- Tended to remember words from start of
the list (primacy effect) and from the end
of the list (recency effect) less good at
recalling words in middle
- Glanzer&Cunitz (1966)
- Areas of the brain associated with STM and LTM
- Link STM and LTM to specific areas of the brain. Modern techniques of scanning the brain can
be used (PET scans and fMRI- used to detect brain tumours)- they take images of active brain
and enable us to see what region is active when a person is doing a particular task
- Research found prefrontal cortex active when individuals working on STM task (Beardsly,1997).
Whereas hippocampus is active when LTM is engaged (Squire et al, 1992)
- Link STM and LTM to specific areas of the brain. Modern techniques of scanning the brain can
be used (PET scans and fMRI- used to detect brain tumours)- they take images of active brain
and enable us to see what region is active when a person is doing a particular task
- The sensory store
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Strong evidence of 3 different stores
- Model does provide an account of memory in terms of
both structure+process
- Clear predictions about
memory meaning
psychologists can conduct
studies to test it.
- Strong evidence of 3 different stores
- Limitations
- Oversimplifies memory structures memory structures and processes
- STM and LTM are not completely
separate stores
- Rehearsal is not the
only way to transfer
from STM to LTM:
processing can also do
it (semantics)
- Oversimplifies memory structures memory structures and processes
- Strengths
- Structures: STM+LTM are not unitary stores
- Evidence for non-unitary STM came from case
study of KF- suffered brain damage resulted in
difficulty dealing with verbal info but normal ability to
process visual suggesting STM has more than one
store
- LTM has more than one store
suggested by people with amnesia.
Spiers et al (2000) studied memory
in 147 patients with amnesia.
- Evidence for non-unitary STM came from case
study of KF- suffered brain damage resulted in
difficulty dealing with verbal info but normal ability to
process visual suggesting STM has more than one
store
- How separate are STM+LTM?
- Logie (1999) pointed out STM relies on LTM
therefore cannot come 'first' as suggested
- Logie (1999) pointed out STM relies on LTM
therefore cannot come 'first' as suggested
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