AP CHEM Ch.1

1. Created Dalton's Atomic Theory
   1. led Dalton to Propose Law of Multiple Proportions

      Annotations:

      • When two elements can be combined to make two different compounds, and if samples of these two compounds are taken so that the masses of one of the elements in the two compounds are the same in both samples , then thee ratio of the masses of the other element in these compounds will be the ratio of small whole numbers
      • this law was used to test Dalton's atomic theory

1. 1834, showed that electric current could cause chemical reactions to occur

1. Plum Pudding Model of the Atom

1. Performed Gold Foil Experement

1. Johannes Rydberg

   Annotations:

   • Extended Balmer's Equation so that all of the wavelengths could be found
2. Discovered an empirical mathematical relationship between the wavelengths of the lines of the lights he observed in visible region of the spectrum

1. Developed Solar System Model of the H Atom

1. Developed Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

1. Began the Wave-Mechanical theory of the atom

Annotations:

• Outermost level of Electrons

1. Orbital Diagrams
   1. Pauli Exclusion Principle
   2. Aufbau Principle
   3. Hund's Rule

1. Principle Energy Levels
2. Energy Sublevels
   1. Orbitals
3. Electronic Structure of an Atom

   Annotations:

   • 1s  2s 2p  3s 3p  4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p  6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d