HIV

HIV

1. Prevention

   • Primary Prevention
     • Safe sex practices
     • Abstain from IV drug use
   • Secondary Prevention
     • Screening tests
       • Routine Primary Care Testing
       • Non-Traditional Testing
   • Tertiary Prevention
     • Antiretroviral Therapy
       • Drug Adherence
       • Drug Resistance
       • Side Effects
     • Healthful living

2. Environment or Social Determinants

   • Socioeconomic status
   • Access to prevention and healthcare
     • Community Resources
       • Non-Traditional Testing Locations
   • Educational Status
     • Sex Education in Schools
   • Human Rights
     • HIV Health Policies
   • Social Acceptance
     • Peer Group
     • Cultural Beliefs
     • Religion

3. Stages of HIV Infection

   • 1: Acute infection: flu-like symptoms
   • 2: Clinical latency: slow replication of HIV virus that without treatment may last up to 10 years
   • 3: AIDS: CD4 cells fall below 200 cells/mm3 or development of opportunistic infection

4. HIV Life Cycle

   • 1: Binding: Virus attachment to CD4 cell
     • Entry Inhibitors
   • 3: Reverse Transcription: HIV uses cell machinery to convert its RNA into DNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase
     • NNRT Inhibitor drugs
     • NRT Inhibitor drugs
   • 2: Fusion: cell membrane and virus envelope fuses, allowing HIV to enter the cell
     • Fusion Inhibitor drugs
   • 4: Integration: HIV inserts its DNA into the cellular DNA using the enzyme integrase
     • Integrase Inhibitor drugs
   • 5: Replication: HIV uses the cellular machinery to make copies of the viral proteins
   • 6: Assembly: As new viral components are made they move to the cellular surface to assemble
   • 7: Budding: Newly assembled viruses push out of the host cell and mature using the enzyme protease
     • Protease Inhibitor drugs