4076192
Description
Mind Map by Kirsten Sjostrom, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kirsten Sjostrom
about 9 years ago
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Learning
- Learning-any relatively
durable change in
behaviour, attitude, or
knowledge that is due to
experience.
- conditioning-s a theory
that the reaction
("response") to an object
or event ("stimulus") by
a person or animal can
be modified by
'learning', or
conditioning.
- classical conditioning- refers to a
form of learning that occurs
through the repeated association
of 2 or more different stimuli.
- How it shapes individuals-
learning a new bahaviour
via the process of
association. So if
something happens to you
in your life, it can create a
new bahviour. Examples:
Hating a certain food
because it made you sick
onve
- acquisition-Acquisition
is the overall process
during which the
organism learns to
associate 2 events.
- extinction-A
conditioned
stimulus-response
association can fade
over time or disappear
altogether.
- spontaneous recovery-
Extinction of a CR is not
always permanent.
- How it shapes individuals-
learning a new bahaviour
via the process of
association. So if
something happens to you
in your life, it can create a
new bahviour. Examples:
Hating a certain food
because it made you sick
onve
- operant conditioning-A type of
learning in which behavior is
strengthened if followed by
reinforcement or diminished if
followed by punishment.
- acquisition- refers to the first
stages of learning when a response
is established
- extinction -can occur if the trained
behavior is no longer reinforced or if the
type of reinforcement used is no longer
rewarding.
- shaping-A procedure in
Operant Conditioning in
which reinforcers guide
behavior closer and closer
towards a goal-useful for
complex behaviours. Each
step toward the goal
behaviour is called a
“successive
approximation”
- acquisition- refers to the first
stages of learning when a response
is established
- classical conditioning- refers to a
form of learning that occurs
through the repeated association
of 2 or more different stimuli.
- observational learning- Learning by observing others.
- mirror neurons-hints
at the brain-behavior
link for empathy and
observational learning.
- mirror neurons-hints
at the brain-behavior
link for empathy and
observational learning.
- conditioning-s a theory
that the reaction
("response") to an object
or event ("stimulus") by
a person or animal can
be modified by
'learning', or
conditioning.
- generalizaton- the act or
process of responding to a
stimulus similar to but distinct
from the conditioned stimulus.
- discrimination- the ability to perceive
and respond to differences among
stimuli
- discrimination- the ability to perceive
and respond to differences among
stimuli
- positive reinforcement-
Strengthens a response
by presenting a
stimulus after a
response.
- negative reinforcement-
Strengthens a response by
reducing or removing an
aversive stimulus.
- punishment- is any change in
a human or animal's
surroundings that occurs after
a given behavior or response
which reduces the likelihood of
that behavior occurring again
in the future.
- penalty- punishment imposed for breaking rule
- penalty- punishment imposed for breaking rule
- punishment- is any change in
a human or animal's
surroundings that occurs after
a given behavior or response
which reduces the likelihood of
that behavior occurring again
in the future.
- negative reinforcement-
Strengthens a response by
reducing or removing an
aversive stimulus.
- types of schedules of reinforcement
- Fixed-ratio
Schedules- A
schedule that
reinforces a
response only
after a specified
number of
responses.
- Variable-ratio
Schedule- A
schedule of
reinforcement
that
reinforces a
response after
an
unpredictable
number of
responses.
- Fixed-interval Schedule-A schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified
time has elapsed.
- Variable-Interval
Schedule-A
schedule of
reinforcement that
reinforces a
response at
unpredictable time
intervals.
- Fixed-ratio
Schedules- A
schedule that
reinforces a
response only
after a specified
number of
responses.
- bobo doll expiraments- an
expirament on aggression
Children watched the model
preform aggression on th
doll.. Reasearchers thought
that seeing other children
preform acts of aggression on
their doll would drain the
viewrs aggresive drive. It
increased an attracton to
guns even though they were
not modeled. Also began
using hostile language.
Children learn aggression
through observational
learning.
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