4078650
Description
Mind Map by heavenstaar, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by heavenstaar
about 9 years ago
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Learning
- Definitions -
Learning - any
relatively durable
change in
behavior or
knowledge that is
due to experience.
Conditioning
involves learning
connections
between events
that occur in an
organism’s
environment
- Pavlov's Classical Conditioning -
refers to a type of learning in which a
stimulus gets the capacity to evoke a
response that was originally evoked
by a physically natural stimulus
- Processing - Acquisition – acquiring the new
behaviour, usually something novel,
unusual or very intense that results in
classical conditioning. Timing is
another factor. Stimulus contiguity –
how close the stimuli are together.
Extinction: Presenting a CS repeatedly,
after conditioning, without the US,
resulting in no response. Spontaneous
Recovery: Recovery of an extinguished
CR after a period of nonexposure to
the CS
- More processing - Stimulus
generalization: Responding to a
new stimulus in a way similar to
the response produced by an
established CS In this case, a
similar stimulus leads to a similar
CR. & Stimulus Discrimination:
Responding differently to a new
stimulus than one responds to
established CS
- More processing - Stimulus
generalization: Responding to a
new stimulus in a way similar to
the response produced by an
established CS In this case, a
similar stimulus leads to a similar
CR. & Stimulus Discrimination:
Responding differently to a new
stimulus than one responds to
established CS
- Processing - Acquisition – acquiring the new
behaviour, usually something novel,
unusual or very intense that results in
classical conditioning. Timing is
another factor. Stimulus contiguity –
how close the stimuli are together.
Extinction: Presenting a CS repeatedly,
after conditioning, without the US,
resulting in no response. Spontaneous
Recovery: Recovery of an extinguished
CR after a period of nonexposure to
the CS
- Pavlov's Classical Conditioning -
refers to a type of learning in which a
stimulus gets the capacity to evoke a
response that was originally evoked
by a physically natural stimulus
- Operant Conditioning is a
form of learning in which
responses come to be
controlled by their
consequences of their own
voluntary actions
- Acquisition In operant conditioning, acquisition
also refers to the initial stage of learning a new
response.
- Extinction: Response is no longer followed by a reinforcer.
- Reinforcement occurs when an event following a response increases a
person or animal’s tendency to make that response.
- Acquisition In operant conditioning, acquisition
also refers to the initial stage of learning a new
response.
- Reinforcement - Positive = something good is given
Negative = something bad is removed.
- Punishment :
Consequences that
decrease the likelihood
of responding in a
similar way again
- Side Effects - Physical Punishment is associated
with poor quality parent-child
relationships, elevated aggression,
delinquency and behavioural
problems in children.
- Side Effects - Physical Punishment is associated
with poor quality parent-child
relationships, elevated aggression,
delinquency and behavioural
problems in children.
- Schedules of reinforcement - Ratio = number of responses e.g.
number of lever presses. Inverval = time on the clock e.g. number of
minutes Fixed = always the same e.g. every 10 lever presses/minutes.
Variable = changes (around an average amount) e.g. an average of
every 10 lever presses or minutes
- Punishment :
Consequences that
decrease the likelihood
of responding in a
similar way again
- Bandura: Researcher who studied effects of
viewing adult aggressive behaviour on children
•Study involved film of adult hitting “Bobo” doll
•Children acted out what they observed •Adult
was either praised or punished - more likely to
follow if adult praised for aggression.
- Observational Learning - Learning that
occurs as a result of observing the
experiences of others
- Mirror neurons are neurons that
are activated by performing an
action or by seeing another
monkey or person perform the
same action.
- Mirror neurons are neurons that
are activated by performing an
action or by seeing another
monkey or person perform the
same action.
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