Cells and Organelles Questions

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• Prokaryotes and Eukayotes.

1. What are main differences of these two types of organisms?
   1. What are two examples of these two types of organisms?

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      • Prokaryotes - E coli bacterium, salmonella bacterium Eukayotes - Human liver cell, yeast

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• Plasma membrane, RER, nucleus, nucleolus, SER, lysosome, ribosome, nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion

1. What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don't?

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   • A cell wall with plasmodesmata, a vacuole and chloroplasts.

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• The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds plant cells. It's made mainly of the carbohydrate cellulose.

1. What is the function of the cell wall?

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   • The cell wall supports plant cells.

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• Small organelles that either float free in the cytoplasm or are attached to RER.

1. What is the function of ribosomes?

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   • The site where proteins are made.

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• Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope. Contains pores, chromatin and sometimes nucleolus. 

1. What is the function of the nucleus?

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• Usually oval-shaped. Has a double membrane. Usually found in large numbers.

1. What is the function of mitochondria?

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   • Site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced. 

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• Small, flattened structure found in plant cells. Surrounded by double membrane, also has membranes inside.

1. What is the function of chloroplasts?

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   • Site of photosynthesis.